7 Steps to Finding Success If You Drop Out of College

7 Steps to Finding Success If You Drop Out of College Think you can’t be successful if you drop out of college? Think again. Some of the biggest companies in the world were started by entrepreneurs who never finished school. While there are skills and experiences and accomplishments that any aspiring successful person will acquire in college, if you happen not to have finished (or you find yourself having dropped out and spiraling in a fit of panic), remember that it isn’t necessarily the end of the world. Here are a few things you can do if you dropped out to get yourself back on a good track to success.1. Breathe.First take a deep breath and realize it’s your life. You are in control. If this is what you need and you can still accomplish what you want to in life without this degree? Then great. Start making concrete plans and working towards that goal.2. Keep learning.Education doesn’t necessarily end with school. Neither should yours. Continue learning as voraciously as possible- following what interests y ou most and what you’d need to know to expand your career outside of school. Don’t fall into ignorance or stagnation just because you needed to stop attending college.3. Keep taking risks.Dropping out to pursue other options is a big risk. If it pays off for you, continue thinking of other ways you can take calculated risks in pursuit of your destiny. Keep pushing for your dreams. You’ve already shown you have the guts. Persist!4. Find your real-life community.Just because you aren’t in college anymore doesn’t mean you don’t need professors and â€Å"classmates.† Find yourself mentors. Present yourself to people in your desired field  and show your willingness to learn. You’ll probably get a good recommendation out of it at some stage in your career. Similarly, find your crew of like-minded, similarly-oriented people who you can build your empire (or at least a business) with. Learn from each other and promote each other†™s work.5. Don’t ditch responsibilities.Whatever your new class equivalent is- show up for it. Don’t blow things off just because you aren’t technically required to show up anymore. Push yourself and give yourself grades! This is equally important for work. Get a job and show up at it- on time and consistently.6. Don’t be defensive.You can’t have it both ways. If you didn’t finish school, you can’t very well complain that other people did and it makes you feel bad. Remember you chose your priorities and your life. It was your choice. Be honest about why and don’t take any negativity  from anyone if they react unfairly.7. Be humble.Be willing to work from the bottom up. Get in on the entry level of whatever field you most want to work in. Be willing to start low on the totem pole. With a little humility and dedication, you probably won’t be down there long.

Reward management and performance related pay Essay

Reward management and performance related pay - Essay Example In today's fast-paced modern world, the job market seems to be getting more and more diverse, wide and inclusive of a great number of potential factors, that could affect the way one sees his job. Human Resources Management is one such area that is gaining importance by the day. Human Resources Managers work towards the fundamental problem of creating a balance between the expectations of both, employers and employees.The job market is getting highly competitive and retaining good talent is becoming an arduous task, owing to the better attractive offers being offered to talented workforces. As they say, grass on the other side of the fence is greener and therefore, employees find themselves being pulled across by alluring competitors. Under such circumstances, the compensation or pay packet goes a long way in determining the loyalties of employees. For instance, if the talented employee in question is unsatisfied with the compensation he receives from his current job, he would obviou sly consider the competitor's job that offers him greater potential and pay.Most employees prefer jobs that offer challenges and on successful dealing and completion of these challenges, would prefer better pay packets. At the end of the day, pay is a huge motivator or factor in diminishing quality of output. Therefore, jobs that offer growth potential, in terms of the hierarchical setup and the pay raise, experience great amount of success in maintaining stability in terms of employee retention and in cementing employer-employee relationships. "..the pay package is one of the most obvious & visible exchanges of the employment relationship; it is the main issue in the exchange between employer & employee, expressing the connection between the labour market, the individual's work & the performance of the employing organisation itself" (Hegewisch, 1991: 28). Therefore, the solution to this problem faced by employers in the process of reducing employee attrition rates and retaining talent, is performance-related payments and issuing rewards for quality output of work! Objectives of Employer and Employee In an organisation, both the employers, as well as, the employees possess varied objectives and expectations from each other, the job and the outcome. The objectives of the employer varies significantly from that of the employee, in formulating and pursuing the mutual contract. Here are the objectives of the employer, when he formulates and enters into a payment contract with his employee: Detainment: Employers look towards retaining the talent they spot in employees, without allowing competitors to take over the same. Therefore, they endeavour to satisfy their talented employees by formulating and putting forth a good payment contract. No one would want to lose a good employee due to under-payment levels. Thus, one of their many objectives is to retain talent and reducing the attrition rates. Steer clear: Employers attempt to steer clear of competitors and emerge victorious in alluring and maintaining some of the most skilful talent, which directly affects the positive quality of work output. Thus, they look to maintain an upper hand amongst competitors, by entering into a decent payment contract with their employees. Intelligent dealings: Employers try to attract the best possible talent within their limitations in providing payment. When they enter into the payment contract, they attempt to make the most in terms of attracting the best

The Correctional System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Correctional System - Case Study Example The way prisoners were treated across the eras varies widely. "Criminal excesses of the 1920’s to 1930’s hardened the public’s attitude†¦J. Edgar Hoover†¦pushed for the now famous (or infamous) super maximum Alcatraz, which soon showed itself to be to expensive to run and maintain† (â€Å"Prison,† 2010, p. 1). Alcatraz was a maximum security prison on an island which is infamous for having housed many bitter and hardened criminals. The idea was that it was on an island so no one was able to leave. Alcatraz was one of the toughest prisons from which one could escape because, basically the security system was so complex. Not only that, but somehow, after having escaped from the prison itself, one would have to then get off the island. This required exceptional thought and planning. There were a few, and prisoners did escape from Alcatraz, although it was difficult. To contrast, in the 1800’s, â€Å"The convicted were not stripped of t heir belongings like in today's prisons, but they were searched for weapons or objects that could be used to escape†¦Many times the prisoners died of starvation and dehydration† (â€Å"Prison Life,† 2010, p. 1). In contrast, the prisoners of today are strip-searched and told that all their belongings must be put in a holding bin. These belongings are kept for the person until they are released from jail. Also, prisoners began to be treated better starting in the 20th century, and it increasingly got better from there on out. In the 1800’s. In the 1800's, as stated, prisoners were left to die in many cases, barely being given enough food on which they could sustain themselves. However, with the advent of psychiatric units and such, prisoners began to be regarded as people which were not lost causes to be put in a room and then allow someone to throw away the key. Rather, a more humanistic perspective was taken on in the mid-20th century in order to make the correctional system that we have today, where people are seen as being able to be rehabilitated instead of simply jailed. III. Secure Holding and/or Monitoring of Offenders The main difference in holding facilities between 1800 and 2000 is the fact that they simply got better. Living conditions improved over time for the inmate as time wore on. After awhile it was realized that prisoners couldn't just be allowed to languish in dirty, disorganized cells with dirt floors and a bench for a bed. People took note that prisoners were people too, and that they deserved a certain standard of living, however menial. IV. Alternatives to Incarceration Alternatives to incarceration involved being put in a chain gang in the early days (1800's till the 1950's). Although chain gangs can be seen today in the 21st century, usually those are for community service projects and are not as common. However,

Singer on Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singer on Animal Rights - Essay Example Several human activists have advocated the making and imposition of animal rights. This struggle on behalf of their loyal friends is not new and lasts over the last numerous decades. One of the most prominent human rights activists is Peter Singer who has an Australian origin. A renowned Philosopher and the professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, the sixty four (64) year old humanist has voiced his thoughts in favor of human rights for about four decades now. Peter Singer’s work â€Å"All Animals are Equal†, that came into print in the later part of the 1980s, highlights his decades old philosophy of safeguarding animal rights by voicing and maintaining the stance of respect of animals. This text is an attempt to voice Singer’s thoughts that he has advocated in the said work. The main theme of this article of Peter Singer is that animals, may they be ‘humans’ or ‘non humans’ deserve respect. He is quoted in this article as: †Å"I am urging that we extend to other species the basic principle of equality that most of us recognize should be extended to all members of our own species.† Singer does not emphasize that animals should have rights like humans but emphasizes that their rights should be recognized. He does not mean to say that animals are just like humans or should be treated just like humans. All he wants to say is that the discriminating factor between them should not be that one is an animal and the other is a human. Regardless of the species of a living being, rights should be associated with every individual thus attaching importance to their interests. The author compares the ambitions of human beings to those of an animal. Man has each and every step of his life planned. Every minute that passes brings him closer to his next planned task and then moreover to the next one. Animals however do not follow any such scheduled activity. Singer emphasizes that this fantasizing of humans does n ot give them any edge over animals with respect to rights. â€Å"If a being suffers,† he says, â€Å"there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration.† The famous activist proposes a situation where a building might accidentally be on fire. A human and a dog would be distressfully caught into the fire in exactly the same manner. They’re both hurt to the same extent and have become immobile. In such a situation, the author emphasizes that, both the human being and the animal have equal rights of being picked up as the first option of rescue. He shuns the thought that since a man has his whole planned life to live he should be the first choice of being picked up by rescue personnel. Singer emphasizes that there potentially is no difference in the suffering of the distressing animal and the human being. ‘The Human Pain’ he says has the same intensity as the animal’s pain. He strictly shuns that merely th e thought that human suffering is more than animal suffering should not make the picking up of the human being as the first choice. On the contrary, if the person suffering may be your loved one then you may ask the rescue team to pick him up first, but not otherwise. Singer states that of all the things that may exist, human beings have only and only a single edge over other species and that is the fact that they belong to the â€Å"Human Species† or â€Å"Homo Sapiens†. Singer emphasizes by saying, â€Å"Like it or not, we must face the fact that humans come in different shapes and sizes; they

Step Analysis For Cadburys In India Marketing Essay

Step Analysis For Cadburys In India Marketing Essay A method used by management that provides the analysis which is based on the four external factors that may affect the organizations performance. Social, Technological, Economic and Political are the four factors. This strategical tool helps the profitability of the company. Step Analysis Factors SocialSocial: The social factor helps a company to understand the ethical, cultural beliefs, demographics, lifestyles and education. These changes influence the growth of the company. Technological: The change in the technological factors can change the companys competitive area. Environmental, ecological ways. New strategies and products and the cost of improvising and innovation. And in the development of the product. Economic: The economic structures and its varies changes at the stock exchange and the interest, and inflation rates and nations economic rules and performances. They directly have a great impact on the company. Political: The changes in the government and pressures and opportunities and changes in the political system and leadership and their values will so affect the company. It also includes the taxes and rules and political grounds and involvement in the business. Step analysis for Cadburys in India The word chocolate has been traced back in ancient times from central America -civilizations Aztec and Maya ,Chocolate made from roasted cocoa beans was mostly enjoyed and relished all over the history as a drink . In ancient times as the expensive cocoa were gifted when a newly born arrives in a family or any religious occasions. Even the traders used to exchange it for jade, clothes etc., till recent times the chocolate has been just the plain chocolate. However Sir Hans Sloane an English doctor brought chocolate milk recipe from South America to England. According to his recipe the original Cadbury milk chocolate was prepared, later it was sold to the Cadburys. The cocoa crillo is harvested only 10% world wide, 90% of it is hybrid and from forestero trees and varieties are produced mainly in West Africa. The hottest region is the right soil to grow this plantation for cocoa. The procedure to prepare chocolate are: Harvest Fermentation Drying Cleaning Roasting Crushing and shelling Blending Grinding Cocoa butter Cocoa powder Kneading Rolling Conching In Birmingham 1824 at bull street England, John Cadbury used to do vending for coffee, tea and drinking chocolate. He started to concentrate on the chocolate drinks and beverages. He was also appointed as the Royal by the queen. He also shifted from the tea business stopped the tea shipment and started importing cocoa into UK. He tried so many different varieties. Although it was economically not an easy price to the consumer so he had a tie up with his brother and started his venture into Cadburys chocolate making business. One of the best inventions in the confectionary industry was Cadburys Dairy Milk which was a moulded chocolate and was introduced in 1905 although after so many brands with leading chocolate companies the Dairy Milk shows 95 years later a success and recognition. Step Analysis Social: The story of Cadbury dairy milk started in 1905 at Bourneville UK but the journey with chocolate lovers in India began in 1948. The UK confectioner Kraft foods and Cadburys had a deal in the business and they wanted to enter the international market. However they targeted a little tough market which I could say as India could not accept any foreign products so easily but still as C.Y.Pal non executive chairman of Cadbury India quotes India is a very happy story for Kraft and Cadbury. Kraft was initially trying hard with its products to put-up on the shelfs in a market store like tobolerone, milka, cheese, Oreo cookies etc although all were under one umbrella. Indians could not accept it so easily. More than 60 yrs has been passed Cadburys has now become the countries biggest confectioner. The barriers it had leaped and came up with different products in chocolates, drinks, gums, candies etc was appreciatiable. The Indian customer no matter how advanced or sophisticated they m ight be the traditional culture of mithai could not replace the chocolates Indians have a massive sweet tooth but its filled with mithai but not chocolate says (Ramesh Srinivas executive director of KPMG Advisory services India) even huge multinational company like Cadburys could not crack the market as the consumption of chocolate in India is 54gms per captia. Cadburys worked out with amul to make mithai and add chocolate like Indo Western style but it did not attract customers so Cadbury did intensive research and started promoting through different media and hit the slogan just for kids in 90s. Later on they shifted to the campaign for teenagers who shared the real taste of life, memorable instances which stayed in everyones life like a girl dancing in the cricket field this campaign was awarded the campaign of century in India. From here they targeted the campaign of consumption of chocolates amongst adults which was portrayed by Mr. Amitabh Bachan were different relations, spec ial moments, festive occasions, reunions were showed with happiest moments with a slogan kuch meeta ho jaya this is an excellent technique of reaching the Indian cultural barrier of mithai the promotion of Cadbury cleverly put up to equalize a chocolate and a mithai. Technological Cadburys entered the Indian market where people could recognize the brand only with a purple cover. Technically the taste of the Indians in the food or confectioners are different so the varieties that Indians crave about the purple cover should not be just the Dairy Milk so they came up with fruits and nuts, crackle, roast almond which were very famous in youth and adults to attract the kids they started with goodies and rewards with the purchase of Cadbury chocolate. The approach through media with best quality and mind lingering advertisements were done by the creative team who held up the Cadbury chocolate as luxury compared to other small confectioners in India. The punch lines used with Indians own famous game cricket the sport was also enhanced. People started liking the marketing strategy and the campaigning and it dominated 70% of the share market. The snack time in the evenings was a huge market in India they came up with Cadburys bytes. Cadbury has maintained high quality and value for money it also made Cadbury dairy milk as a dessert with slogan something sweet after meal and for kids the wowie chocolate with Disney characters embossed in it. The 2in 1 dairy milk a combination of white chocolate and milk chocolate. Economic The Cadburys and Krafts acquisition was priced but they individually grew on their strength in most of the countries. Krafts is the key market globally when they ventured together but in India they started leaning on Cadburys more, so it was ahead in confectionary business. The nestle was very far distant as number 2 when compared Cadbury .According to the marketing research firm-AC.Nelson Cadbury brand with milk addictive bourn vita has earned 70% of Indias market and earned us$425 million and 30% of sugar boiled confectionary category with us$1 billion i.e., 30%of it. The network of business selling its product across India is 1.2 billion shops as India is still agrarian society although the number of super markets or hyper markets are more the food is still bought at neighborhood stores called kirana shops. No matter Cadbury tried launching its first apple drink, dollops ice-cream, and the Indian customer recognizes the purple color as Cadburys brand. Cadbury had to change purchas ing price in India when globally it was around 10% with inclusion of interest, and taxes etc., and 27% margin was paid by krafts. The low prices with which Cadbury had the foothold in India and also business technique of the retailers in India to do business on daily working capital and fast moving products only and this increased the marketing strategy by segregating their products into different lines like gums, chocolates, mints, drinks, etc., Even if foreign markets would like to put up their confectionaries the pricing would be a big criteria and loss. The localization strategy has been adopted though slower but the products are made to the Indian customers taste. Most of the retailers do not have refridgirators, so they came up with mini packs which with-stand the heat of India with retaining the chocolate inside without any outer influence in dairy milk products. The costing of the packaging was 50 cents earlier it is costing 4 cents now. This strategy has helped the retailer s and the consumer and they were happy as Cadbury has been maintaining, quality, price and adapting Indian consumers taste. This has been amendable and kept the pace of making Indian customer to think that the value for money has been maintained and satisfied according to the Indian culture and taste. Political The worlds biggest confectionary across the globe had stepped into India with mouth watering brand the Cadbury chocolate. Although it took 60 years to register in the Indian market it employed 50,000across the globe says in 60 countries. They had a slogan in India creating brands people love. It also worked with Indian government in development of cocoa cultivation; it did also conduct research in kerala the agricultural university and educated the farmers. And right now its operating four categories in India like chocolate confectionaries, milk food drinks, gums and candies. Salmonella scare was biggest threat to the Cadbury Schweppes seven products globally. Salmonella is bacteria which was caused by a leaking pipe it might have occurred while the mixture of chocolate crumb was taking place at marl brook chocolate plant which is made into milk chocolate. This was not stated to the food standard agency as it had to get the stock back of one million chocolate bars and this contamination of bacteria costed them threat to health and they were charged 30 million pounds. They were with cases of 6 charges against them for breaching health and safety legislation but they took the step and retained the entire stock. The commitment to environment was the water conservation with unique new techniques at Bangalore factory; it started using solar energy to reduce the carbon di oxide and also driving towards the global warming. There was a major issue of child labour in south Africa with cocoa cultivation as its the 90%of worlds biggest producers and they fought for it. They also created and supported needs for underprivileged children. They started spreading smiles on the innocent faces not only with mouth lingering Cadbury chocolate but also good quality for any person in need. Methodology The gold standard is the consideration which is defined for chocolate in India for Cadburys. The brand which was a deal stuck with kraft foods did lot of international business however, when they stepped into India, Kraft had to depend on Cadburys in the market. Where a culturally different customer did not accept krafts brands, after a slow persuasion the purple covered product that is Cadburys has taken over 70% of confectionary market in the long journey of 60 years. The excellent marketing strategies which they used to register and connecting to Indian values through slogans which touched Indian customers heart and brought smile on their face from a kid to adults. The strategy was proven brand loyaltys best example with customer centric business. Although it did not realize to go with customers taste previously they faced lot of setbacks. Conclusion The taste of life a slogan which connected the people for a a long decade itself shows how the product has emerged as no.1 most trusted in Mumbai in India. It also is considered as marketing leader who changed the taste of India. Cadbury did not step back with the nutritional elements in its product line. The candies and gumbs have been strategically registered in a Childs mind also giving the difference the salty bytes and sweet bytes. Cadburys bytes like snacks to Cadbury chocolate varieties. The quality. The value, the purpose which drove lot of consumers to a brand with such immense loyalty and they have trusted the beautiful product which I can say that every generation has relished. And Cadburys had fought back with all the myths and giving facts of benefits from chocolate or rather creating world wide study of CHOCOLOGY.

Identifying Areas of Weakness in Thorntons :: Business Management, Case Study

In Thornton’s, there are areas of weakness that need to be reconciled in training and development, nothing is perfect is in business, but Thornton’s must strive to try and establish the weaknesses in their methods and develop new and more effective plans and systems for the way they function. An example of this would be that some employees use the company for qualifications such as in the Administration department, training is used or use of I.T and qualifications are given out when staff complete training or in the manufacturing department where training is given in Health and Safety and packaging skills are trained. Employees may stay in the company until they are trained in whatever qualification and skills they need and then could leave the company, deserting the workforce and causing the company to loose money on recruiting and selecting new employees and then more costs on the training and developing of these new staff. A suggestion to improve this weakness is to wait for employees to be at the company for a certain period of time before training them up, although this may be difficult at the start of the process as the business needs employees with the correct skills, in the long run this could be an advantage as once employees are trained, the company will probably retain them as if they have been at the company for a certain period of time, they will probably stick to it resulting in the retention of staff. To compensate for poorly trained staff at the beginning of the process. Agencies could be used to employ temporary staff, although this would be expensive, it would result in being cheaper than employees leaving and costs on recruiting and training new employees. Another suggestion to this situation would be only using in house training and promotion as if staff have worked at the company for a certain period of time, they will probably be staying at the company in the long run, this could also help with staff motivation and incentives for staff to work hard if they see a promotion in their midst. Another area of weakness in Thortons is that the business only trains staff in one particular part of their job, not all the skills that are needed in all of the departments. Although this would probably be costly and would take time it would be effective as if staff were absent, it would be easier for their jobs to be covered by other staff, as they would be qualified in all aspects of the business.

Reaction Time Essay

This experiment aimed to determine the reaction time of the test participant and using the subtractive method identify the selection time and identification time of the participant. The experiments had one participant who participated in a total of 6 experiments; two experiments required a simple reaction with a single stimulus and 4 experiments that required a more complicated reaction. Keywords Subtractive method – the procedure of estimating the time it takes to perform various cognitive operations. Simple reaction – this reaction time task has a single stimulus and requires only a single reaction Choice reaction – In this reaction time task there are more than one stimulus and more than one response. Each stimulus has its own response. Donders A B and C reactions – In this reaction time task there is more than one stimulus but only one stimulus is linked with a response. Introduction Donders A B and C reactions have been used to determine the time it takes to perform cognitive operations for quite some time now. In these experiments we aimed to use light and sound stimuli in the react time tasks to determine individual base time, Identification time and selection time. Using one female college student (23 years) and one person recording the different reaction times. The experiments took place over a period of two days, with the first experiment taking place on one afternoon and the next 5 experiments a week later in the afternoon again. Methods Apparatus and materials One pen and paper to record reaction times, one Reaction task machine which came equipped with headphones for sound stimuli, a screen for visual stimuli and a panel of buttons colored red, yellow and green for responses. Procedure Pilot Test The participant stood on the reaction task side of the machine and put on the headphones after having been already instructed to press the red button when they heard both sound and visual stimulus. The observer then set the machine to pilot test, simple reaction test and selected the color red. The observer then gave a visual signal to the participant to let them know the experiment was about to begin. In this pilot test the participant was required to press the red button each time they saw the red light flash when it was accompanied with a voice that said red. At the end of a test a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. The light and sound stimuli were given for a total of 20 times if the participant did not make any mistakes (that is pressed the red but only when both stimuli were given) then the pilot test was completed successfully, if not the machine would reset itself and would have to be set again and the test would be administered again. This stage was also a learning phase for both participants and observers as both were using this type of machine for the first time. Experiment 1 The participant stood on the test side of the machine and put on a pair of headphones after having been already instructed they were required to press the red button each time they saw a red light. The observer then set the machine to real test, selected simple reaction and selected the color red. . There was no signal given to the participant as to when exactly the experiment would begin by the observer but they were told to be ready as soon as they saw the light the experiment had begun. At the end of the experiment a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. The stimulus that required a reaction in the experiment was given 19 times and the experiment was only complete if the participant made no mistakes. Each reaction time was noted by the observer. Experiment 2 The participant stood on the test side of the machine and put on a pair of headphones after having been already instructed they were required to press the red button only when they saw the red light flash across the light panel. The participant was instructed not to press a button for any other colour. The observer then set the machine to real test, selected selection reaction and pressed the clear colour button as well as the red. . There was no signal given to the participant as to when exactly the experiment would begin by the observer but they were told to be ready as soon as they saw the light the experiment had begun. The stimulus that required a reaction in the experiment was given 19 times and the experiment was only complete if the participant made no mistakes. . At the end of the experiment a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. Each reaction time was noted by the observer. Experiment 3 The participant stood on the test side of the machine and put on a pair of headphones after having been already instructed to press the button that corresponded with the colour they saw flash across the screen i.e. see green light, press green button. There was no signal given to the participant as to when exactly the experiment would begin by the observer but they were told to be ready as soon as they saw the light the experiment had begun. At the end of the experiment a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. The stimulus that required a reaction in the experiment was given 19 times and the experiment was only complete if the participant made no mistakes. Each reaction time was noted by the observer. Experiment 4 The participant stood on the test side of the machine and put on a pair of headphones after having been already instructed to press only the red button when they heard the high frequency sound. The observer then set the machine to real test, simple reaction test and selected high frequency sound. There was no signal given to the participant as to when exactly the experiment would begin by the observer but they were told to be ready as soon as they heard the sound the experiment had begun. At the end of the experiment a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. The stimulus that required a reaction in the experiment was given 19 times and the experiment was only complete if the participant made no mistakes. Each reaction time was noted by the observer. Experiment 5 The participant stood on the test side of the machine and put on a pair of headphones after having been already instructed to press the red button only when they heard the high frequency sound. The observer then set the machine to real test, choice reaction test and selected all the frequencies. There was no signal given to the participant as to when exactly the experiment would begin by the observer but they were told to be ready as soon as they heard the sound the experiment had begun. At the end of the experiment a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. The stimulus that required a reaction in the experiment was given 19 times and the experiment was only complete if the participant made no mistakes. Each reaction time was noted by the observer. Experiment 6 The participant stood on the test side of the machine and put on a pir of headphones after having been already instructed to press the button that corresponded with the frequency of sound they heard, i.e. high frequency= red button, middle frequency=green button and low frequency=yellow button. The observer then set the machine to real test, choice reaction test and selected all the frequencies. This time there was no hand signal given to the participant by the observer but they were told to be ready as soon as they heard the sound the experiment had begun. At the end of the experiment a hand signal was given by the observer to the participant to let them know the task was over. The stimulus that required a reaction in the experiment was given 19 times and the experiment was only complete if the participant made no mistakes. Each reaction time was noted by the observer.