Global Issues in the Modern Day

Global Issues in the Modern Day Min Yong Chun Four Global Issues Table of Contents Introduction Virus Attack Water Scarcity Malaria Digital Divide Conclusion Reference Introduction The Four global issues chosen were virus attack, malaria, digital dive and water scarcity. These 4 global issues have something in common which is that they are increasing affecting the world nowadays. Virus attack was chosen for the reason to inform the readers how the prevention could be done since people are not familiar with the solution or avoidance. Malaria was chosen since it has been a big case in the world for the perfect vaccine to cure the disease is not found yet and to write about how serious it is especially in Africa. Water scarcity was chosen to write and inform the readers on how important this issue is to the global economy and lastly digital divide was chosen to explain to the readers on how the poor country is compared to the rich people. The purpose of the research was to explain with accurate information. This report will discuss the reasons of how these 4 global issues are caused and its effect. In the last part solutions will be provided on how these issues co uld be avoided. Virus Attack Computer virus is a malware program or an undesirable code when executed, duplicates by inserting copies of it into data files, hard drives and other computer parts. It is said that virus often performs an inimical activity corrupting data files, stealing files and the ability to control one’s gadgets (Brian). The causes of virus attack are through the use of internet, removable storage device, and E-mail. Internet is the fastest and the easiest way that virus can spread due to links that automatically downloads virus such as clicking advertisement in a webpage. Followed by E-mails such as SPAM mails and devices such as USB and hard drive can carry virus which was originated from different computer which were infected through virus (Brian). One of the most common and deadliest viruses is Trojan, Spyware and Worms. Because of these viruses multiplying or entering electronic gadgets, the virus immediately seeks for other host that can be infected. Once the virus spread into the device, they transfer controls to the application program they tainted giving the ability of the virus creator to steal or files and the capability of destroying the computer. Virus attack currently cause billions of dollars’ worth of economic damage each year due to wasting computer resources, data corruption, increasing od maintenance cost and causing system failure (Bell). The first virus attacking incident happened in the late 1970s when it infected ARPANET which is a large network used by Defence Department (Beal). Water Scarcity Water scarcity also called water crisis is the lack of sufficient water available to meet the wants of water usage within the country. The earth is covered up with 70% water and the freshwater makes up a very small portion which is only 2.5% of the total amount of water available (â€Å"Fresh Water Crisis†). Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms, physical and economic water scarcity. Physical water scarcity is due to the uncontrolled natural water supply to peoples demand such as overpopulation, climate change and other natural calamities where in economic water scarcity is the outcome of poor management of the sufficient water available to the people such as the factories polluting the biodiversity and people wasting or over using the water. Water scarcity may give negative effect to the community (WWF). When fresh water is not available to the people, they get disease from drinking contaminated water and in fact, 3.1 million people die each year from water related disease. Lack of fresh water also means less water to plant the crops causing the food supply to decrease that result to constant huger. Water scarcity can cause poverty for the clean water decreases and the price or the value has also increased which can lead people to poverty (National Geographic). Example of a countries suffering from water scarcity is mostly from the Africa. It was not due to physical but because of the economic water scarcity which could not follow up the needs to the people. If no actions are implemented, in 2025 the fresh water will decrease 1% which will be greatly affect the nation worldwide (â€Å"National Geographics†). Malaria Malaria is an infectious disease for human and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans called Plasmodium and is transmitted through particular mosquito which is the Anopheles mosquito (Mangan). Female Anopheles mosquito is simply the only mosquito that transmits malaria. Specific time is given when the mosquito is particularly active which is 9pm and 5am. The cause of malaria is simply when someone is staying outside where mosquitos are present and usually tourist people are common to get the disease for they stay outside for too long and is commonly found in Africa. Malaria infections are identified by paroxysms or recurrent attack that develop into a three stage. The first stage is the development of chills plus headache. In stage 2, the infected person’s skin may become hot and dry while having a fever. As the temperature drops, stage 3 begins by feeling extreme fatigue and weak while sweating. Within 10 to 15 days, these symptoms are generally spotted. There are some serious cases when infected person will not get a treatment, it can lead to death for the reason that the bones in the body system will weaken. It was also found that cerebral malaria could occur if the blood vessels in the brain are blocked with the infected blood cells. As a result it can lead to swelling of the brain and brain damage. In worst case, after getting bitten by the mosquito, death may strike in a couple of hours. In a survey, it was stated that people die every minute because of being infected by malaria (â€Å"Malaria QA†). Digital Divide Digital divide is a social and economic issue referring to the opposite amount of information between those who have access to the internet. It is also used to describe the discrepancy between people who do not have the resources and access to the technology (Beal). Digital divide also describes the people those who have the knowledge, abilities and skills from those living in rural and urban areas between educated and uneducated. The main cause of digital divide was due to the gap of developing countries and developed countries. The rich countries which had the power to adapt the new technologies has become more developed while the poor countries having inefficient money had a failure in purchasing the technologies which had pushed the chance of development of the countries itself. Other cause could be the education system. For the successful society, they mainly focus on the education making students becoming the future developers of the countries while developing countries not giv ing that much importance for the educational system lack the skills to create students who could change the society (Rapaport). Because of the digital divide bring the gap between the rich and the poor, which leads discrimination. The poor countries would not be able to follow up the rich country in the near future. Competition could not be attempted for the lack of facilities the poor countries have and the developed country would mind only to their development leading to imbalance to the world economy. In addition, the country that lacks with technologies lacks the knowledge to teach the usage of the technology making the country not developed. It would be hard for the poor countries to enter the global market and when foreign investors comes to the developing countries, the tariffs are lowered which free trade will be done. However, this method can help the rich countries richer which means to say that there are possible advantages of digital divide (James). Conclusion To sum up, the 4 global issues have been discussed and were explained with the information gathered from the internet such as journal, journal articles, statistics and other webpages. Computer virus is commonly used for hackers to get personal files. However there might be several ways on how a virus can attack a gadget but there are also several ways a person could avoid virus attack. The best solution for virus attack is to download a virus killing system which could detect viruses before entering to any parts of the computer. In addition, people should be extra careful and should have the knowledge whether they should enter a certain website and when using a USB, the user should always remember to scan before activating and should safety remove the USB. Water scarcity has been a problem to the nation and fresh water is decreasing. Physical and economical water scarcities are done and when this continues there would be insufficient fresh water for people. The best solution that could reduce the scarcity of water is by protecting the available wetland (WWF). By protecting the wetland it can lead to less pollution to the biodiversity and can let the people know the importance of water. In addition, in the future scientist must find a ways Methods used to prevent malaria are when sleeping, people should use mosquito nets which prevents mosquitoes to enter the place where the people are sleeping. Currently there is no vaccine for malaria to be cured 100% but some medications are believed to prevent mosquitos to bite such as putting anti mosquito lotion on the skin when going out door. This depends on how one individual take care of them. Despite there are some advantages, the disadvantages outweighs the possible advantages. The gap will continue none unless the government in the poor country invest money to the development of their own country. There are possible global solutions which could be done. Number one is economic equality. For instance, many work related tasks are done online, and completion of the work may not be done due to the lack of access of internet to work up with the company standard. And the government should invest more on the educational system to create workers of the country. Reference Beal Vangie. â€Å"Computer Virus.† Webopedia. QuinStreet Inc. 2014. Web. 2 November 2014. Marshall Brian and Fenlon Wesley. â€Å"How Computer Virus Work.† HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks. 2014. Web. 2 November 2014 WWF. â€Å"Water Scarcity.† WWF. World Wildlife Fund. 2014. Web. 3 November 2014. National Geographic. â€Å"Freshwater Crisis.† National Geographic. National Geographic Society. 2014. Web. 3 November 2014. Mangan Tricia. â€Å"Symptoms and Effect of Malaria.† Livestrong. Demand Media Inc. 28 July 2011. Web. 2 November 2014. Malaria QA. â€Å"Malaria Effects on the Body.† Malaria. Malaria.com. 11 April 2011. Web. 3 November 2014. Rapaport Richard. â€Å"A Short History of the Digital Divide.† Edutopia. The George Lucas Educational Foundation. 27 October 2009. Web. 3 November 2014. Internet World Stats. â€Å"The Digital Divide.† InternetWorldStats. Internet World Stats Inc. 25 June 2011. Web. 3 November 2014.  November 3, 2014

Procter & Gamble Company Essay

In November 1981, Mr. Chris Wright, Associate Advertising Manager of the Packaged Soap & Detergent Division (PS&D) of the Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G) was evaluating how the division could increase volume of its light-duty liquid detergents (LDLs). 1 The excellent growth of Dawn dishwashing liquid since its national introduction in 1976 meant that P&G now manufactured and sold three leading LDL brands, holding a 42% share (by weight) of the industry’s $850 million in factory sales. Based on input from the three LDL brand managers who reported to him, as well as his own knowledge of the LDL category, Wright believed there were three major opportunities for volume growth: (1) the introduction of a new brand, (2) a product improvement on an existing brand, and/or (3) increased marketing expenditures on existing brands. In preparation for an upcoming meeting with Bruce Demill,, PS&D advertising manager, Wright began evaluating the volume and profit potential of the three options. Company Organization The company comprised eight major operating divisions organized by type of product: Packaged Soap & Detergents, Bar Soap & Household Cleaning Products, Toilet Goods, Paper Products, Food Products, Coffee, Food Service & Lodging Products, and Special Products. Each division had its own brand management, sales, finance, manufacturing and product development line management groups. One of the most important responsibilities of the brand group was the development of the annual marketing plan, which established volume objectives, marketing support levels, strategies and tactics for the coming year. The brand manager promoted the interests of his brand while the associate advertising manager assumed responsibility for building the business of all P&G brands in his or her category. The brand groups worked closely with the following four line departments in both the development and the implementation of their marketing plans: Sales: The brand groups and sales force frequently interacted. While the brand groups managed categories and brands, the sales force managed markets and accounts. As such, the sales force provided important perspective and counsel on trade and consumer promotion acceptance, stock requirements to support promotions, competitive pricing and promotion activity, and newproduct activity. Each brand group worked closely with the sales force to develop the optimal sales promotion plan for its brand together with appropriate merchandising aids. LDLS are defined as all mild liquid soaps and detergents designed primarily for washing dishes. Product development department (PDD). Since superior product performance was key to the success of P&G products, each brand group worked closely with PDD to ensure continued improvement of its brand’s quality. Fifteen professionals worked exclusively on research and development for LDLs. The PDD continually strove to upgrade product quality or explore new product formulations. If a potential new product was developed, it was extensively tested in consumer and laboratory tests before any test marketing began. Manufacturing department. The brand group provided the manufacturing department with detailed brand volume estimates (by month, size, and form/flavor) to facilitate efficient production, as well as five-year volume base forecasts for capacity planning. In addition, the brand group discussed promotions requiring label or packaging changes with manufacturing to determine the most efficient production methods. Manufacturing informed brand groups about ongoing manufacturing costs and provided potential cost-savings ideas. Interaction between the advertising and manufacturing departments was particularly frequent during any new-product development process, and included discussions on manufacturing requirements, custom-packing options for test markets, and critical paths for production. Finance department Based on volume and marketing expenditure forecasts provided by the brand groups, financial/cost analysts developed and fed back brand profit and pricing analyses as well as profit and rate-of-return forecasts on new products and promotions. This information was key in helping the brand groups to recommend action which would maximize volume and profit growth. Advertising services department. Within the department, there were nine staff groups which serviced the advertising department. These were market research, art and package design, TV commercial production, media, copy services, field advertising, marketing systems and computer services, promotion and marketing services, and advertising personnel. PS&D market research included the following: 1. Market analysis, including bimonthly  syndicated market data that P&G purchased from A.C. Nielsen Co., as well as selected data purchased from Nielsen, Selling Areas Marketing, Inc. (SAMI) and other suppliers for test markets. 2. Consumer research, including studies to: a. monitor how consumers used products and track consumer usage of, attitude towards, and image of P&G and competitive brands; b. test the performance of current products and possible product modifications under in-home usage conditions; and c. evaluate the advertising, packaging, promotion and pricing of P&G brands; also, to evaluate the potential of new-product ideas, using such techniques as concept research and simulated test markets. LDLs could be conceptually divided on the basis of product benefit into three major segments: (1) the performance segment (35% of category volume) provided primarily a cleaning benefit; (2) the mildness segment (37% of category volume) provided primarily the benefit of being gentle to hands; and the price segment (28% of category volume) whose primary benefit was low cost. Volume is measured in P&G statistical cases, each containing 310 ounces. Household growth was a better indicator of LDL volume than population growth (research indicated LDL household consumption varied only slightly with the number of people in the household). 4 ADW households still used LDL for pots and pans and small cleanups. Price brands were sold to retailers for an average of $7.50 per statistical case versus $17.00 per statistical case for the premium-priced mildness and performance brands. the greatest growth in the past 10 years. Some LDL brand managers expected the performance segment to continue to grow at the expense of the mildness segment, since market research indicated that more consumers rated performance attributes (such as grease cutting and longlasting suds) as the most important (see Exhibit 2). The price segment had been in decline, but was expected to stabilize at its current share level due to increasing consumer price sensitivity resulting from the depressed state of the economy. LDL brand managers did not expect this segment to grow because most price brands were not a good value, requiring two or three times as much volume to create the same amount of suds as a premium brand. P&G’s Ivory Liquid, the market leader, used this comparison in its advertising to persuade consumers that Ivory was a better value. The LDL market was relatively stable, with one new premium brand introduced every two and a-half years and an average of two price brands introduced and discontinued per year. As Exhibit 3 shows, 3 companies sold almost 75% of LDLs, with P&G holding a 42% share 6 of the market, Colgate-Palmolive Company a 24% share, and Lever Brothers, the U.S. subsidiary of Unilever, a 7% share. 7 The remaining 27% of the market consisted mainly of generic and private-label brands. As shown in Exhibit 4, marketing expenditures including advertising and promotion typically represented 20% of the sales of an established LDL brand.

All About Strong Thesis Statement

All About Strong Thesis Statement If you're still uncertain about how to compose a thesis statement or what an excellent thesis statement is, be certain to talk with your teacher or professor to be sure you're on the right path. It's well worth reiterating that a fantastic thesis statement is specific. Above all, a very good thesis statement creates a statement. It will accomplish the same thing. Life After Strong Thesis Statement So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you want to contact. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. The type of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline offered to you. You are able to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. The Definitive Approach to Strong Thesis Statement Since a thesis is so vital, it's probably a great idea to take a look at some hints on how to compile a strong o ne. 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The Anxieties Of Modernity In Frankenstein And Dracula

In select gothic literature, anxieties of the times in which they were written tend to surface through important themes, characters and settings. Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley in 1818 and Dracula written by Bram Stoker in 1897 both share this characteristic by working through the anxieties of modernity, here meaning â€Å"the condition of being modern† , specifically between new world science and technology versus old world spirituality and faith. This manifests predominantly as the old traditional values of Europe contrasting with the rapid and modern changes within England which provides a point of contention between the two worlds. Therefore, within this essay I will argue that both Frankenstein and Dracula were written to negotiate†¦show more content†¦This is because the Monster is a creation of modern society and is created through the advances within science and technology due to (in Shelley’s mind) industrialisation. The Monster can be seen to ye arn for the Romantic European sensibilities, but being the personification of modernity means he is rejected from them: â€Å"I admired virtue and good feelings, and loved the gentle manners and amiable qualities of my cottagers; but I was shut out from intercourse with them†¦which rather increased than satisfied the desire I had of becoming one among my fellows.† Dracula, on the other hand, was written during the Victorian era which followed after the Georgian era. It was a time of technological prosperity for England which featured introduction of the railway system, improved communication devices, and advances in medicine. These manifested within the novel in the form of predominant discussions of train travel, the appearance of phonographs and blood transfusions. The anxieties of modernity in Dracula focus on much the same as in Frankenstein: science and technology versus superstition and religious dogma, and old European sensibilities versus modern

Technology in Education; Where it has been, Where it is...

â€Å"Technology in Education; Where it has been, Where it is now, and Where it is Going† â€Å"Before you become too entranced with gorgeous gadgets and mesmerizing video displays, let me remind you that information is not knowledge, knowledge is not wisdom, and wisdom is not foresight. Each grows out of the other. And we need them all† (Re-inventing 1995). These words spoken by the distinguished author, Arthur C. Clarke, bring to light where exactly the technological situation in education is and the direction it is going. The discussion and debate of introducing and improving classrooms with technology has been a relatively heated topic as of late. Many have even claimed that if schools are to survive it is imperative for us to stand back†¦show more content†¦The structure of education has continued to change with the passage of time. A key proponent of this continuing change in education is the introduction of new lifestyles as well as the introduction of new technological inventions. In 1642 Frenchmen Blaise Pascal created the first calculating machine at age 21 (Kaplan 2004). The calculating machine was a large metal box that was 20’x4’x3’ with only eight dials that were manipulated by a stylus. When comparing this appliance to say a hand held pocket pilot in today’s society we can see just how much improvement has been made over the centuries. Back in the mid 1850’s the only technology used in education was the slide rule that assisted with multiplication and subtraction. This was taught in schools because at the time society was mainly agrarian and this technology was based on physical distance that was used on the farmlands with crops and fields. Thus this technology, while simple, was important for students to know. The calculating machine, though a significant historical artifact, has virtually no importance to today’s student. Presently the main issue concerning technology in education is with the creation of the computer. Before examining the use of the computer and technology in the classroom it is important to understand the improvement in the PC over the years. In 1975 the first personalShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Inequality And Technology On Today s World1281 Words   |  6 Pages2014 English 955 Tony Asay Inequality and Technology Technology in today’s world is one of the leading causes of inequality. Because of it’s major increase, availability and usefulness, it has cut the amount of jobs and opportunities for income. It is now getting in the way of a good education and taking away from personal interaction and education that can only be learned well on a one on one basis. 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It has made the internet one of the most powerful medium for exchange and transfer of ideas. This has also made it a major tool for educating people in the world. So the need and importance of the internet as a tool for education can’t be over emphasized. The problem most developing countries have with internet based education are;Read MoreConforming And The Technological Era1319 Words   |  6 Pagesworldwide in every avenue of approach, one of those being education. Education has blossomed in the light of technology and will only continue to do so for many generations to come. Although it can be argued that technology is negatively effecting the education system, more innovative ways of learning are becoming available and society has no choice but to conform to these advances. Even though many education systems are embracing the face of technology, some schools are still attempting to hold on to traditional

The Market for Chocolate Cookies Is Comprised of Two Types Free Essays

(a) As the question says the market for chocolate cookies is competitive thus, this complies with the market structure of Perfect Competition where there are a large number of buyers and sellers in the market. The basic characteristics of a Perfect Competition Market structure are that there is perfect knowledge on both sides of the market that is buyers and sellers know what the current market price is and thus, it prevents exploitation of the consumers as producers would not be able to charge unfair prices. This is because each firm produces an insignificant fraction of the total market supply and therefore is unable to affect price, it is for this reason that each firm in perfect competition is known as a price taker. We will write a custom essay sample on The Market for Chocolate Cookies Is Comprised of Two Types or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are no barriers to entry or exit in a perfectly competitive industry and thus, producers can enter or exit the market without any restrictions and thus, without any significant losses. The intersection of demand and supply curves of the industry determines the equilibrium price a typical producer can charge which also become the demand of the firm. Due to this, the producers cannot exploit the consumers by charging a high price and thus, the price is always at the equilibrium. This is because if the producers charge a higher price, the demand for the product becomes zero, because the consumers can always switch to another producer as the good is homogenous. (Anderton, 2000) Since the Firms in Perfect Competition are Price takers so they both take the current market price, ‘Pe’ as shown in the Graph where the Market Demand and Supply intersects and form the Market equilibrium. D0 can be assumed as the Total Demand of Chocolate Cookies in the market and S0 can be assumed as the Total Supply of the Chocolate Cookies in the Market. Not for profit Organisations’ (NPOs) Average Cost (ATCn) is higher than the Average Cost of Profit Making Organisations, that is ATCp, because Not for profit organisations’ (NPOs) employ disabled people and their cost is also high because Profit Making Organisation are making use of Capital Intensive technologies thus, more of their production is automated and they employ fewer workers than the NPOs. Average Cost of the Profit Making Firms (ATCp) is equal to the market Price (Pe) so they are making a â€Å"Normal Profit† just because of higher productivity due to which their cost is reduced. A firm makes a Normal Profit when its total Economic Cost, which is Average Cost in other words, is equal to the price firm is charging. In other words it can be said that the firm is making zero economic profit. A firm makes a supernormal profit when its Average Cost (economic cost) is lower than the price it is charging. The NPOs initially in the Short run are making a loss since their Average Cost (ATCn) is greater than the price (Pe) charged. A profit making firm may also make a supernormal profit but in the short run only, in the long run it can only make a normal profit or a zero economic profit. NPOs will be following a cost minimizing price, marginal cost price. (b)(i) A lump sum tax is a fixed amount that is charged as tax irrespective of a business’s profit, sales revenue or capital. According to Mankiw (2009), A lump sum tax is the most efficient tax possible because the business’s decisions do not alter the tax owed, the tax does not causes any dead weight losses and does not distort any incentives. Since, there is a fixed amount payable as tax so there is no administrative expense of hiring tax lawyers and accountants. Short run is the time period when at least one inputs in the production process is fixed and the rest are variable. Usually in the short run, the variable input is labour and the fixed input is capital. In the short run, it is assumed that producers can only alter production by changing the variable inputs rather than any fixed inputs. In the short run, existing firms do not exit the market. When the government imposes a lump sum tax on the profit making corporations in a perfect competition, it disturbs the market structure of Perfect competition. It challenges the basic theory of Perfect Competition which says no barriers to entry and exit to and from the market. There is no government intervention usually in a perfectly competitive industry since it changes the basic characteristics of the Market Structure. However, after the government decides to impose a tax on the profit making firms only then the Market Structure of the Chocolate Cookies Industry does not remains a ure perfect competition, the Industry has close characteristics with Perfect Competition but cannot be categorised under it just because of the tax imposed. In the short run, the lump-sum tax must only affect the Average cost of the Profit Making firms while all other costs and revenue must be constant if all other factors affecting costs/revenue remain constant. Hence, as shown in the Graph above, The Average cost (ATCp0) of a Profit making firm will increase depending on the amount of tax imposed by the government. In the graph above, the amount of tax has been assumed to be ATCp1-Pe which shows that the firm is making a loss after the ATCp0 shifts to ATCp1. If the market price is less than the Average Variable cost of the profit making firm, that is the firm is operating below its shut down point (Price = Average Variable Cost) then the firm will have to shut down production in the short run until there is a decrease in its average variable cost or an increase in the market price. But if in case, the market price is greater than Average variable cost but lesser than Average total Cost then the firm must continue production in the short run since it is covering its variable costs for now. (Mankiw, 2007) (ii) Long run is a time period when all the factors/inputs involved in the production process are variable. There are no fixed factors in the long run. In the long run firms can exit and enter the market freely. The long run is primarily used to analyze production decisions for a firm and is also used to better understand economies of scale, diseconomies of scale, and long-run market supply. In the long run, there must be a lot of changes in the industry and must also affect the firms in many ways. Like most of the Profit making firms which will be operating below the Shut down point (Price Average Variable Cost) must not have been able to survive and must have exit the market. That must only shrink the market supply of Chocolate cookies, if all other factors affecting supply remain constant. The shrinking of supply will shift the Market Supply Curve (S0) to the left to the new Market Supply curve (S1) which must lead to an increase in the equilibrium market price of the industry to Pe1. The new market price will result in NPOs making a supernormal, normal profit or at least covering more of its loss in the short run but making a normal profit in the long run, depending on the number of exits from the market which should influence the change in market price. The graph below shows NPOs making a supernormal profit (Pe1-ATCn). It shows the Profit making firms also making a normal profit (Pe1 = ATCp1). Again, depending on the number of exits from the market and average costs of the firms, the profit of both the firms must vary. Since the NPOs now can make a Supernormal or at least a normal profit in the long run and will also get donations additionally so they must benefit their workers with all that extra profits earned. Their Disabled workers must earn much more than they were earning before in the short run and before the lump sum tax by the government was imposed. The NPOs may also employ additional workers after earning extra profits. The workers of the Profit making corporation might be worse off in the short run and some workers which will be working in the firms which had to shut down due to higher Average Variable cost than the market price will be fired while others in the long run will be better off comparatively. It will be unfair for the Profit making firms in a way that they produce better quality cookies as compare to NPOs but still NPOs are better off than the Profit Making Organisations in the long run. The consumers of the industry will be worse off in the long run, since they will have to pay a higher price just due to the lump sum tax imposed by the Government to make the NPOs better off in the long run. The tax burden of the Profit making organisations will be totally passed on to the consumers in the long run since they will have to pay the whole tax burden on the producers in the form of price. Word Count: 1531 words without referencing References: Heyne, P. , P. J. Boettke and D. L. Prychitko (2009). Economic Way of Thinking (9th Edition). Mankiw, N. G. (2009). Principles of Economics (5th Edition). Parkin, M. (2007). Economics (8th Edition). How to cite The Market for Chocolate Cookies Is Comprised of Two Types, Essay examples

Business Research on Countdown Supermarket Chain in New Zealand

Question: Discuss about the Business Research on Countdown Supermarket Chain in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction In a perfect business world most of the employees would feel like coming to work with bright smiles and eagerness to achieve the daily objectives at work. In the contemporary business world employees come at work that are highly disintegrated with whatever they do and the responsibilities are only mere responsibilities to them. In a recent statistics given it is seen that almost around 40% of the total number of employees working in the corporate world in the world suffer from stress and anxiety at workplace only due to lack of motivation. It could be said that lack of motivation at work place is created due to number of issues that contributes to the increased demotivation at work. In a recent work Survey in New Zealand showed that the low level of engagement from its employees holds the country back from global competition. The International research company Gallup recently found out around 23% of the New Zealands workforce was emotionally engaged at their jobs which clearly mean t hat the country has significant problems with its workforce. The lack of employee engagement affects the overall productivity of the organisation and hence it becomes extremely important to understand how incentives would work on the employee engagement (Shields et al., 2015). In the present chapter the relation between incentives and employee engagement will be critically analysed. The variables related to the research subject will be individually assessed and then the interface of each other will be critically reflected on. Brief about the organization Countdown is a supermarket chain in New Zealand it is a subsidiary of progressive enterprises. Count down is estimated to be the largest single supermarket chain in New Zealand. The first countdown market was opened in the year 1981inPapanui,Christchurch. The business was established by Rattrays wholesale group and was later on owned by Foodland associated limited when they acquired the business. As per the statistics in 2016 there are around 183 countdown supermarkets throughout North and South Islands of New Zealand. The major operations of stores are supervised and handled by the head office of progressive enterprise in Mangere Auckland. The operations of the stores are under hierarchical heads. Apart from an area manager for each area all the areas are under the supervision of the National operations manager. The countdown supermarket has a robust online channel for selling grocery items to their customers. However newer generation of countdown stores built after 2008 have a dedi cated space of 30% of the store for fresh foods. The main competitors of Countdown supermarket are New world and PAKNSAVE. General problems and opportunities This paper will mainly highlight on the countdown central mall and study the importance of incentives for bringing about employment engagement in the researched company. Countdown as has been studied in the previous paragraph is one of the single largest supermarket chains in New Zealand and has a huge number of employees throughout the country. However this particular work will focus on the Countdown central mall as lack of employee engagement has been hampering the operations of the said store. Tough competition from retail chains like PAKNSAVE and New world makes it important for the company to come up with improved strategies for engaging the workforce. Although there are many strategies to improve employee engagement, incentives play an important role in engaging the employees. Thus the project would provide an opportunity to identify the engagement level of employees in the said organization and the theoretical framework would help in developing a recommendation for the organiz ation to plan an incentive based strategy to engage their employees since motivated and engaged employees would ultimately lead to happy and satisfied customers. Importance of the topic The topic is important since the competitive retail industry in every part of the world has encouraged owners to come up with innovative strategies to attain competitive advantage. However it must be noticed that strategies aimed at improving customer services are not enough for competitive advantage but at the same time importance should be placed on improving strategies to facilitate the workforce and motivate them for enhanced performance. Thus this topic would help in identifying the role of employee incentives in engaging the workforce. Reason for selection of the topic The researcher has selected the topic to illustrate the relationship between employee incentive and employee engagement. The competitive retail environment pose a challenging situation for companies to attain competitive advantage and an efficient workforce would help in achieving a competitive advantage. Thus the role of incentives for employee engagement would be studied here. Scope of the review The review would thus establish a relationship between employee engagement and incentives and in doing so would describe in detail about the importance of employee engagement at work and would also provide a conceptual framework. Intentional exclusion The literature review will not study other elements like absenteeism or role of leadership etc but would only focus on incentives in how this element can bring about job engagement. Retail Industry in New Zealand The retail industry of New Zealand is an important driver of the countrys economy. Given the huge demand of consumption of the retail goods and the constant increase in the value of New Zealand Dollars in the market the retail sector has driven interest among consumers. Since the late 90s the New Zealand retail market has flourished significantly. The retail sales growth has seen huge growth in the recent past. With the price inflation low in the market averaging just 1.3 percent per annum the volume of sales growth has been quite obtrusive. The retail industry of New Zealand comprises of number of bigger organisations Fonterra, foodstuffs, Genesis Energy Ltd, Goodman Fielder and top supermarket brands like Woolworths and Coles and one of the newest additions like Countdown. Countdown Malls and supermarkets have become an emerging organisation in the country New Zealand (Cerasoli, Nicklin Ford, 2014). With the improved understanding of consumers companies like Countdown Supermarket became one of the fastest growing supermarkets in the country. It is important to mention that Countdown Supermarket within a short period of time has been able to manage a huge amount of business which has influenced consumers to increase their transactions in the market. With the increase in the retail transactions Countdown Supermarket also increased its recruitment which would help the organisation to provide the best possible service to the consumers and this has also contributed to the New Zealands economy. It could be said that presently the retail industry involves around 35% of the total workforce which includes all sorts of retail. The involvement of workforce in retail has been consistent but there are number of issues of employee engagement which has happened due to a number of reasons in the New Zealand Retail market (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The importance of employee engagement Employee engagement is one of the key aspects that every organisation needs to emphasise on. Better employee engagement is the secret to success for the organisations. In the era of excessive competition and increasing pressure in the retail market the aspect of employee engagement has become extremely important for the organisations seeking to increase their productivity and improve market presence in the market. From the parlance of business management employee engagement could be defined as the way of engaging and motivating people to work for the organisation which would help to achieve the organisational objectives. Employee engagement is essential to motivate and encourage people to act for the best interest of the organisation. In retail especially employee engagement is of utmost importance as the retail industry is highly competitive and due to increased competition employee engagement stands to be one key tool to improve the overall productivity of the organisation (Abraham , 2012). Especially to say the retail market has always faced a significant competitive pressure and in this case situation the employees fail to have proper attachment with the organisations and so, fail to completely devote to the organisational operations. The importance of employee engagement cannot be denied as engaged employees are motivated employees and motivated employees ensure success for the organisation. Employees become disintegrated at work due to various reasons. The common factors which influence employees at work mainly revolve around motivating the employees. For instance poor working conditions will have significant impact on the employees which has happened in number of retail organisations. Taking clues from cases of Tesco and Wal-Mart it could be said that poor working conditions will definitely have a negative impact on the employee engagement. On the other hand poor reward system in the organisation could also have negative influence at work which most of the retail companies will have to focus on eliminating to get the best possible response (Mishra, Boynton Mishra, 2014). Countdown Supermarket Rotorua has to understand the importance of employee engagement which would help to get enhanced performance from the employees to increase its productivity in the market. Critically analysing the importance of employee engagement it could be said that with effective employee engagement the organisation will be able to achieve its organisati onal objectives as the employees are motivated and highly driven by the needs and wants of the organisation. It is essential to mention that effective employee engagement is considered as integral for an organisation to perform effectively as engaged employees have centralised mindset which definitely helps to contribute to the overall success of the organisation (Petrou et al., 2012). In the New Zealand retail industry workforce attrition is comparatively higher and the main reason for this is considered to be lack of motivation of the workers to work for the company which might happen when the employees do not want to work for the company due to poor working condition, lack of respect, improper work life balance and one of the main concerns remains to be payment and emoluments. Since retail industry is competitive it mainly looks towards hiring employees with lesser demands and this often leads to increased staff turnover and higher attrition which definitely affects employee engagement (Yalabik et al., 2013). From the critical point of view it could be said that employee engagement is not only important for the short term achievement of objectives but it is important for the long terms sustenance of an organisation in the market and hence Countdown Supermarket in Rotorua should implement different strategies to increase employee engagement. In the recent past th e organisation has failed to retain experienced staffs which clearly show the Countdown Rotorua branch lacks strategies to engage employees at work which is one big problem. Given the kind of competition the organisation faces in the New Zealand Retail market it is essential for the organisation to look for key strategies which would help to make sure the organisation is able to improve its employee engagement in the market. Through the analysis it is quite clear that employee engagement is important for an organisation in this case for Countdown Supermarket Rotorua branch for increasing its productivity, daily sales and also enhancement of the market opportunities (Zhang, De Pablos Zhang, 2012). Incentives at Work Incentives are considered to be a way of motivating employees at work. Incentives could be defined as the way to recognising the good work of an employee at work and rewarding him to respect the work and motivate the employee to keep on doing the good work for the organisation. Incentives at work are given only to enhance and motivate the employees effectively which would help the organisation get more and more good performances from the employees which helps to get effective sustainable competitive advantage in the market. Incentives could be of different types mainly monetary and non-financial incentives. The incentives are largely effective in driving the interest of the employees to work for the organisation and hence it could be said that providing incentives at work is important to constantly motivate the employees. Cash incentives are often announced by the retail organisations in order to keep the employees encouraged to give their best (Reijseger et al., 2012). The trend of providing incentives at work is not new but with the competition increasing most organisations focuses on engaging the employees through incentives provision at work. Cash incentives, spot incentives, bonuses, salary promotions are certain ways of enhancing the opportunity for the employees to work for the organisation. With the increase in retail market competition incentives have become important to improve the possibilities of the employees to show better performance for the organisation. In New Zealand the retail market has become highly competitive this is why incentives stand to be a good short term strategy to encourage employees to work for an organisation effectively. Hence it could be said that incentives at work is definitely effective (Sparrow, 2013). Relation between incentives and employee engagement Top management scholars are with this idea that incentives are extremely important to enhance employee engagement. Incentives could be effective in engaging the employees to operate for the organisation. Providing employee benefits and incentives often act effectively to engage employees to get the best possible response from them. Analysing critically it could be said that providing effective incentives is capable of driving employees positively and they also tend to perform better as compared to other employees. As per the Human resource journal it could be said that the different incentives scheme and plan tend to affect the employee well being to a large extent and increases the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees which largely contributes to the overall improvement of the performance of the organisation (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). At the Rotorua branch of the Countdown supermarket it has been visible that employees who are exposed to better incentive plans they have performed well for the organisation Countdown Supermarket. The analysis based on the employees and incentives also showed that performance related pay has better impact on the employees and definitely has positive effect on the employees of the organisation. Countdown Supermarket has introduced number of incentive plans and spot incentives which are mostly cash incentives that motivate employees to constantly better own performance and given enhanced performance every time through customer service and sells of merchandise. It is also important to mention that the employees of Countdown Supermarket Rotorua are largely exposed to incentives and profit related pay and it is there for taking which has also helped them to constantly compete among each other to get the reward which overall contributes to the enhanced productivity of the organisation (Zhang, De Pablos Zhang, 2012). Hence it could be said that there is apparently there is a positive relation between the employee engagement and incentive offering by the organisation. Better incentive scheme and offering helps the organisation to engage employees constantly and develop their overall relationship in a highly competitive market environment. At the onset of this research paper the relevant questions which the study focused on addressing are: Are the employees at Countdown Rotorua influenced and engaged by incentives at work? How is the operation of Countdown Mall Rotorua influenced by employee engagement? Conceptual Framework Conceptual Framework Gaps Found The above literature review has discussed the relationship between incentive and employee engagement at work. Even though the literature gathered have been effectively analysed but the analysis has not been able to highlight the negative influence of incentive on employee engagement and this is one gap that could be addressed effectively. In this analysis incentive is mainly discussed based on the employee performance but it doesnt talk completely about rewards which are largely related to incentives. Conclusion The present literature review discusses the key variables of the research namely incentives and employee engagement at work. It is important to mention that incentives have positive impact on the employee satisfaction which naturally increases the engagement of the employees with the organisation Countdown Supermarket Rotorua. The present literature review has been able to cover up the key objectives and the research question related to the subject of the research. Key Findings From the above discussion it is clear that there is a strong relationship between employee engagement and incentives at work. It could be concluded that incentives at work influence employees to perform for the organisation. Even though incentives are of different kinds it becomes extremely important for the management of the organisation Countdown Mall to make sure they utilise the tool effectively to motivate players effectively. Various models and theories have been discussed in the literature to justify the relationship between the two variables. The study highlights that employee engagement improves quality of services which is extremely important to operate in a competitive environment. Hence it could be said that incentives at work could definitely improve employee engagement. Further it is important to note that only incentives at work might not influence employees and there is several other aspects which would influence employee engagement and hence there is a need of furthe r study to be done upon them to understand the exact impact of incentives. Potential Users of the Study The users who will be facilitated by the findings of this study are the different retail organisations like Countdown in New Zealand and even overseas organisations like Woolworths and Coles in the neighboring Australia. This will also help the research organisations and Management researchers who are interested to analyse the impact of incentives on employee engagement. It will also help the students pursuing management studies. References Abraham, S. (2012). Job satisfaction as an antecedent to employee engagement.SIES Journal of Management,8(2), 27. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Arrowsmith, J., Parker, J. (2013). The meaning of employee engagementfor the values and roles of the HRM function.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(14), 2692-2712. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. (2014). Daily self-management and employee work engagement.Journal of Vocational Behavior,84(1), 31-38. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), 980. Daley, D. M. (2012). Strategic human resource management.Public Personnel Management, 120-125. Deterding, S. (2012). Gamification: designing for motivation.interactions,19(4), 14-17. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), 183-202. Nelson, B. (2012).1501 ways to reward employees. Workman Publishing. Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(8), 1120-1141. Reijseger, G., Schaufeli, W., Peeters, M. C., Taris, T. W. (2012). Ready, set, go! A model of the relation between work engagement and performance. Saks, A. M., Gruman, J. A. (2014). What do we really know about employee engagement?.Human Resource Development Quarterly,25(2), 155-182. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sparrow, P. (2013). Strategic HRM and employee engagement.Employee engagement in theory and practice, 99-115. Yalabik, Z. Y., Popaitoon, P., Chowne, J. A., Rayton, B. A. (2013). Work engagement as a mediator between employee attitudes and outcomes.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(14), 2799-2823. Zhang, X., De Pablos, P. O., Zhang, Y. (2012). The relationship between incentives, explicit and tacit knowledge contribution in online engineering education project.International Journal of Engineering Education,28(6), 1341.