Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire

Religion in the Different Phases of Roman History More than 1500 years had passed after the decline of the Roman Empire. But the whole world is still in awe of what the Romans had done. They changed the course of human history. There are commentators who will undoubtedly point to Rome’s military might in order to explain their success. However, it can be argued that religion played a major role in shaping ancient Rome, Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire and in the process help transformed their respective political landscape, culture and traditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Anthropologists and archaeologists were able to trace Rome’s early development in obscurity (Morris, p. 4). What they lacked in numbers they made up in resourcefulness, tenacity and the willingness t o adopt the culture and practices of neighbouring tribes, taking the best that they could find and incorporated it into their belief system. Even their early religious system was not complicated. According to noted historians religion played an important part in ancient Rome (McKay et al., p.133). Nevertheless, the simplicity of their religious belief system made the early Romans practical in all their dealings whether in politics or in warfare. In a particular commentary one can read the following: â€Å"The gods of the Romans were not loving and personal †¦ they were stern, powerful, and aloof† and â€Å"The Romans honoured the cults of their gods, hoping for divine favour† (McKay et al., p.133). In these two statements alone one can easily surmise the kind of impact religion had had on ancient Rome. It can be argued that the early Romans feared and honoured the gods for the simple reason that they wanted to receive favour and nothing more. This view was strengt hened by a commentary made by a famous Roman poet named Ovid who wrote: Not greedy are the gods who haunt the Styx below. A roof tile covered with a sacrificial crown,Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scattered kernels, a few grains of salt, Bread dipped in wine, and loose violets – These are enough (McKay et al., p.14). It can be said that their religious views made ancient Rome a very practical society. This enabled them to pursue nation building at an accelerated pace and viewed their religion with a utilitarian purpose (Adkins Adkins, p.274). Their gods are there to help them secure the needed victory and the necessary resources as well as favourable weather to increase the nation’s strength. The personality of their gods as being stern, aloof, and powerful reflects how Romans see themselves and it gave them the correct platform needed to build an empire. In additi on, the Romans believed that they descended from a war god named Mars (Morris, p.4). The worship of this war god was an important contributor in shaping their identity. This is an added impetus for them to consider themselves as warriors destined for greatness. It is very clear that ancient Rome is affected by a religious system that influences the behaviour of the people. But more importantly their religion, in conjunction with their myths, played an instrumental role in developing a fierce warrior-culture that empowered a small association of people to build an empire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Byzantine Empire Christianity was a persecuted sect during the early years of the Empire and Rome was a difficult place for Christians until the 4th Century (Adkins Adkins, p.276). In the same period, Chr istianity became the official religion of the empire. Constantine established Constantinople and this new seat of government paved the way for the creation of the Byzantine Empire. During this period, religion is not a mere after thought to more pressing matters of politics and warfare. In the Byzantine Empire, religion is the foundation of everything that they do. Religious principles, religious doctrines and dogmas guided religious leaders, politicians, and the rest of the people. In ancient Rome religion served a utilitarian purpose as seen in the following statement, â€Å"Official Roman religion was never a matter of belief or ethics but of publicly celebrated rituals linked to the good of the state† (McKay et al., p.170). But the same thing cannot be said in the Byzantine Empire. In the East Roman Empire Christianity is the reason for existence. Christianity played a central role in policy making and the Emperor of Byzantine acted on the basis of his religion. In fact, the reason why an Eastern Roman Empire was established was a reaction to the way Christianity was practised in Rome. The decision to create a second Rome is the most compelling evidence that in the Byzantine Empire religion comes first. The most important impact of religion on the Byzantine Empire is the belief that the emperors are Christ’s representative on earth. This is a radical idea as far as Christianity is concerned because spiritual and temporal power rests in one man. This is also a problematic issue when it comes to absolute control and checks and balances. In the greater scheme of things the question remains, to whom will the emperor answer to? This is of course a non-issue for the most part of ancient history and even mediaeval Europe, but now the emperor does not only have control over land, taxes and armies but now he has even the power over people’s souls. It is a terrifying prospect especially if someone is under the authority of an evil emperor. The i mpact of this doctrine was immediately felt in the Byzantine Empire especially for the members of the clergy, the priests, and the bishops who knew what it felt like to be in Rome wherein the Church had a great degree of independence from secular powers. In the Byzantine Empire they knew fully well that the emperor is absolute ruler.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More John Chrysostom, a popular figure in Christian history, spoke against the excesses of the empire but his criticisms was not heard and instead he was banished twice (McKay et al., p.201). If this type of treatment was levelled against a man of God, there is no need to imagine what could have been done to those who dared speak against the emperor. Religion therefore has given the emperor the justification to assume dictatorial powers. It is not what was said in official language but the mere fact that he is a representative of a heavenly being is enough to demonstrate his claim on absolute control over his domain. This is a bad sign for those who have dissenting ideas; however, it was a good set-up in terms of creating an empire that is united under one God and under one emperor. This is perhaps the reason why the Byzantine Empire withstood repeated attacks while Rome fell so easily. In contrast to ancient Rome, religion’s role in the Byzantine Empire is more pronounced. This i s made more evident when one looks at the court of the emperor. An eyewitness will be surprised to find out that the court also looks like a shrine because religious icons are present. It is not hard to imagine that the emperor does not look like Julius Caesar with his battle dress, in Byzantium the emperor’s outward appearance denotes that he is also a representative of the heavenly realms. Holy Roman Empire When it comes to the Holy Roman Empire, religion also plays a central role in people’s lives. Religion is also a major influence when it comes to politics. Religion in the Holy Roman Empire was a far contrast to the religion in ancient Rome. Religious beliefs are part of the political and social arena. Religion becomes the driving force that allows for the establishment of a society that obeys God. Religion is not utilized to appease the anger of the gods. Religion is seen as a way of life. Aside from the fact that religion is the justification to attack and defen d the empire, religion is seen as a tool to unite people. In fact, religion is seen as mechanism to rule over a large domain. In contrast to religion’s role in the Byzantine Empire – wherein the emperor dominates the ecclesiastical and civil realms – the Holy Roman emperor stands in equal footing with the pope. This is of course the source of conflict between the Pope of Rome and the Holy Roman emperor. But as far as Christianity is concerned the issue of checks and balances had been resolved. There are cases wherein the pope led in the creation of strategies and schemes to stymie an emperor and force him to consider his ways. Religion is the law of the land. The emperor can be seen as an executive officer but the real source of authority comes from religion. This is made clear in the very beginning when an emperor is not recognised as a legitimate ruler without the approval of the pope. Religion during the time of the Holy Roman Empire is no longer part of the superstitious beliefs and the simple by-product of mythology. In this era, religion is seen not just a mere belief system but a source of authority as well as knowledge on how to govern nations. It is indeed important to see the evolution of religion from the days when it was just affecting the spiritual aspect of the community to the time when it has become the most powerful and significant force in the land. Religion in the time of Holy Roman Emperors is part of the political and social spheres. There is nothing that is not affected by religion. Religion occupies a central role. Everything finds meaning in the idea that the religion is indeed the reason why everything is in existence and allowed to perpetuate. God is in all things and that it is the duty of the Holy Roman Emperors – to expand the kingdom and domain of God. Conclusion The reason for the success of the Roman Empire can be attributed to how religion was viewed and utilised by the people as well as the politica l leaders. In the early phase, religion was seen as the means to sustain a good life, bountiful harvests and the protection from natural disasters. But when Christianity became the official religion of Rome, religion broke through the line that separates mythology and politics. In the Byzantine Empire religion is the lifeblood of the whole society. Rules and regulations were derived from religion. Everything existed because of religion and in fact the emperor is believed to have been the representative of Christ on earth. In the time of the Holy Roman Empire, religion was seen as a bridge to connect the glory days of Rome and what has remained in the Holy Roman Empire. Religion gave meaning and colour to everything. If one will take out religion then the empire will collapse because it finds no motivation and no meaning to continue. Works Cited Adkins, Lesley and Roy Adkins. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. New York: Facts on File, 2004. McKay, John et al. A History of Western Soci ety. 10th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Morris, Ting. Ancient Rome. MN: Smart Apple Media, 2007. This essay on Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire was written and submitted by user Darw1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire

Religion in the Different Phases of Roman History More than 1500 years had passed after the decline of the Roman Empire. But the whole world is still in awe of what the Romans had done. They changed the course of human history. There are commentators who will undoubtedly point to Rome’s military might in order to explain their success. However, it can be argued that religion played a major role in shaping ancient Rome, Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire and in the process help transformed their respective political landscape, culture and traditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Anthropologists and archaeologists were able to trace Rome’s early development in obscurity (Morris, p. 4). What they lacked in numbers they made up in resourcefulness, tenacity and the willingness t o adopt the culture and practices of neighbouring tribes, taking the best that they could find and incorporated it into their belief system. Even their early religious system was not complicated. According to noted historians religion played an important part in ancient Rome (McKay et al., p.133). Nevertheless, the simplicity of their religious belief system made the early Romans practical in all their dealings whether in politics or in warfare. In a particular commentary one can read the following: â€Å"The gods of the Romans were not loving and personal †¦ they were stern, powerful, and aloof† and â€Å"The Romans honoured the cults of their gods, hoping for divine favour† (McKay et al., p.133). In these two statements alone one can easily surmise the kind of impact religion had had on ancient Rome. It can be argued that the early Romans feared and honoured the gods for the simple reason that they wanted to receive favour and nothing more. This view was strengt hened by a commentary made by a famous Roman poet named Ovid who wrote: Not greedy are the gods who haunt the Styx below. A roof tile covered with a sacrificial crown,Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scattered kernels, a few grains of salt, Bread dipped in wine, and loose violets – These are enough (McKay et al., p.14). It can be said that their religious views made ancient Rome a very practical society. This enabled them to pursue nation building at an accelerated pace and viewed their religion with a utilitarian purpose (Adkins Adkins, p.274). Their gods are there to help them secure the needed victory and the necessary resources as well as favourable weather to increase the nation’s strength. The personality of their gods as being stern, aloof, and powerful reflects how Romans see themselves and it gave them the correct platform needed to build an empire. In additi on, the Romans believed that they descended from a war god named Mars (Morris, p.4). The worship of this war god was an important contributor in shaping their identity. This is an added impetus for them to consider themselves as warriors destined for greatness. It is very clear that ancient Rome is affected by a religious system that influences the behaviour of the people. But more importantly their religion, in conjunction with their myths, played an instrumental role in developing a fierce warrior-culture that empowered a small association of people to build an empire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Byzantine Empire Christianity was a persecuted sect during the early years of the Empire and Rome was a difficult place for Christians until the 4th Century (Adkins Adkins, p.276). In the same period, Chr istianity became the official religion of the empire. Constantine established Constantinople and this new seat of government paved the way for the creation of the Byzantine Empire. During this period, religion is not a mere after thought to more pressing matters of politics and warfare. In the Byzantine Empire, religion is the foundation of everything that they do. Religious principles, religious doctrines and dogmas guided religious leaders, politicians, and the rest of the people. In ancient Rome religion served a utilitarian purpose as seen in the following statement, â€Å"Official Roman religion was never a matter of belief or ethics but of publicly celebrated rituals linked to the good of the state† (McKay et al., p.170). But the same thing cannot be said in the Byzantine Empire. In the East Roman Empire Christianity is the reason for existence. Christianity played a central role in policy making and the Emperor of Byzantine acted on the basis of his religion. In fact, the reason why an Eastern Roman Empire was established was a reaction to the way Christianity was practised in Rome. The decision to create a second Rome is the most compelling evidence that in the Byzantine Empire religion comes first. The most important impact of religion on the Byzantine Empire is the belief that the emperors are Christ’s representative on earth. This is a radical idea as far as Christianity is concerned because spiritual and temporal power rests in one man. This is also a problematic issue when it comes to absolute control and checks and balances. In the greater scheme of things the question remains, to whom will the emperor answer to? This is of course a non-issue for the most part of ancient history and even mediaeval Europe, but now the emperor does not only have control over land, taxes and armies but now he has even the power over people’s souls. It is a terrifying prospect especially if someone is under the authority of an evil emperor. The i mpact of this doctrine was immediately felt in the Byzantine Empire especially for the members of the clergy, the priests, and the bishops who knew what it felt like to be in Rome wherein the Church had a great degree of independence from secular powers. In the Byzantine Empire they knew fully well that the emperor is absolute ruler.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More John Chrysostom, a popular figure in Christian history, spoke against the excesses of the empire but his criticisms was not heard and instead he was banished twice (McKay et al., p.201). If this type of treatment was levelled against a man of God, there is no need to imagine what could have been done to those who dared speak against the emperor. Religion therefore has given the emperor the justification to assume dictatorial powers. It is not what was said in official language but the mere fact that he is a representative of a heavenly being is enough to demonstrate his claim on absolute control over his domain. This is a bad sign for those who have dissenting ideas; however, it was a good set-up in terms of creating an empire that is united under one God and under one emperor. This is perhaps the reason why the Byzantine Empire withstood repeated attacks while Rome fell so easily. In contrast to ancient Rome, religion’s role in the Byzantine Empire is more pronounced. This i s made more evident when one looks at the court of the emperor. An eyewitness will be surprised to find out that the court also looks like a shrine because religious icons are present. It is not hard to imagine that the emperor does not look like Julius Caesar with his battle dress, in Byzantium the emperor’s outward appearance denotes that he is also a representative of the heavenly realms. Holy Roman Empire When it comes to the Holy Roman Empire, religion also plays a central role in people’s lives. Religion is also a major influence when it comes to politics. Religion in the Holy Roman Empire was a far contrast to the religion in ancient Rome. Religious beliefs are part of the political and social arena. Religion becomes the driving force that allows for the establishment of a society that obeys God. Religion is not utilized to appease the anger of the gods. Religion is seen as a way of life. Aside from the fact that religion is the justification to attack and defen d the empire, religion is seen as a tool to unite people. In fact, religion is seen as mechanism to rule over a large domain. In contrast to religion’s role in the Byzantine Empire – wherein the emperor dominates the ecclesiastical and civil realms – the Holy Roman emperor stands in equal footing with the pope. This is of course the source of conflict between the Pope of Rome and the Holy Roman emperor. But as far as Christianity is concerned the issue of checks and balances had been resolved. There are cases wherein the pope led in the creation of strategies and schemes to stymie an emperor and force him to consider his ways. Religion is the law of the land. The emperor can be seen as an executive officer but the real source of authority comes from religion. This is made clear in the very beginning when an emperor is not recognised as a legitimate ruler without the approval of the pope. Religion during the time of the Holy Roman Empire is no longer part of the superstitious beliefs and the simple by-product of mythology. In this era, religion is seen not just a mere belief system but a source of authority as well as knowledge on how to govern nations. It is indeed important to see the evolution of religion from the days when it was just affecting the spiritual aspect of the community to the time when it has become the most powerful and significant force in the land. Religion in the time of Holy Roman Emperors is part of the political and social spheres. There is nothing that is not affected by religion. Religion occupies a central role. Everything finds meaning in the idea that the religion is indeed the reason why everything is in existence and allowed to perpetuate. God is in all things and that it is the duty of the Holy Roman Emperors – to expand the kingdom and domain of God. Conclusion The reason for the success of the Roman Empire can be attributed to how religion was viewed and utilised by the people as well as the politica l leaders. In the early phase, religion was seen as the means to sustain a good life, bountiful harvests and the protection from natural disasters. But when Christianity became the official religion of Rome, religion broke through the line that separates mythology and politics. In the Byzantine Empire religion is the lifeblood of the whole society. Rules and regulations were derived from religion. Everything existed because of religion and in fact the emperor is believed to have been the representative of Christ on earth. In the time of the Holy Roman Empire, religion was seen as a bridge to connect the glory days of Rome and what has remained in the Holy Roman Empire. Religion gave meaning and colour to everything. If one will take out religion then the empire will collapse because it finds no motivation and no meaning to continue. Works Cited Adkins, Lesley and Roy Adkins. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. New York: Facts on File, 2004. McKay, John et al. A History of Western Soci ety. 10th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Morris, Ting. Ancient Rome. MN: Smart Apple Media, 2007. This essay on Religion in Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire was written and submitted by user Darw1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Personal and Professional Goals Essays

Personal and Professional Goals Essays Personal and Professional Goals Essay Personal and Professional Goals Essay Personal and Professional Goals Andreea Pop University Of Phoenix HCS/301 February 07, 2011 Personal and Professional Goals Over the last couple of years I have been contemplating over the direction of my life, and finally decided it is time to assume more control over it. That is way I decided to return to school in order to earn my BSN. This paper will address the decisions that I will be making, the strategies I will use, and the milestones I will accomplish during my journey through the BSN at UOP, as well as in life. Once I had my personal and professional goals in mind, I was able to select the degree that was most likely to help me achieve my goals. I would like to start by saying that achieving my BSN is a short-term professional goal, and in order to reach my goal will be necessary to develop a plan of action that will facilitate the process of reaching my objectives. † According to Lazarus and Folkom (1984), adjustment to life events is mediated by the individual processes of cognitive appraisal and copying behavior†(Gall, Evans, Bellerose, 2000, p. 45). The authors believe that the living environment, familial relationships and the social support influence the copying behaviors of a student. In order to be able to adjust to the university’s requirements, one has to learn how to balance family, work and school, all at the same time. It is important to understand that sacrificing family time, recreational time and at some point work, will be a part of the overall effort. T his also leads to my short-term personal goal, which is to be able to pay for my tuition without gaining any debt. I am aware that I can only achieve this goal by working full time hours while in school. Although I have accomplished so many short-term goals in life, I am fully aware that my long-term goal will take a long time and will be the most challenging for me. To become a CRNA is not a simple thing to do because it requires a lot of hard work. I am also aware how difficult it is to get into the program, so my goal is to be an outstanding student, and finish each course with at least grade B. In addition, would have to work my way through acquiring at least 1000 hours in ICU and try to be the best at what I do. In the meantime, being able to accomplish my short –term professional goal, will help me facilitate other goals in my professional sector. A BSN will equip me with the necessary credentials required to seek a position in management in the Kaiser Health Care system. My personal long-term goal would be to live a healthy lifestyle, by eating healthy and staying physically active. † Nurses want to give their best to patients, but if they don’t look after themselves, how can they care effectively for patients? †(Kay, 1999, p. 49). Referring to what Kay stated, no matter what we are planning for, in order to be able to care for others it is important to maintain our health. My plan is to get at least 7-8 hours of sleep daily, exercise 30-60 minutes at least 3 times a week, eat at least 5 servings of fruits and veggies daily and spend quality time with family and friends. All these will contribute tremendously to my healthy living. All these goals can only be accomplished through hard work, perseverance and effort. What would be the necessary tools that I can use in order to be able to accomplish all my goals? Effective communication has become recognized in recent years as being essential to successful organizational operation and management†(Hawkins, 1981, p. 172). Being able to communicate effectively with my professors, peers and patients will enable me to engage in meaningful conversations. Other skills that will be necessary as I progress through the nursing program include: ability to conduct resear ch utilizing the UOP database, ability to read and write following the UOP guidelines and, ability to work effectively in a group. In order to accomplish my goals, the milestones that I must encounter along the way will include successful completion of all courses with at least grade B, and continuous employment as a full time nurse. The long-term milestone would be to become a CRNA and retire as a successful professional in 30 years. The effort made over the next few years will give my family and myself a much better life later on. Of course no milestone can be achieved without encountering barriers along the way. The only barrier that might posses a problem would be not to be able to balance work and school in the same time. In order for me to be able to pay for school without the use of any loans, would be to work full time hours. Partial tuition reimbursement and having a flexible schedule, as well as my ability to adapt to situations will help me minimize this aspect, and help me succeed in reaching my goals. It is difficult enough to manage time while being a student, however, it is more challenging when being a working student. My goal is to finish the program in the shortest time, paying the least amount of money and get accepted into the CRNA program. I am recognizing the need to become more organized, and learn how to set up priorities in order to manage my time more effectively; school should be first on the list followed by family and work. From my past experiences I have learned it is important to plan for the unexpected. Often, things that are not expected come up; therefore, it is important to leave some room in my calendar to be able to move things around when needed. Having so much to do, it is better to write everything down in order to be able to remember what comes next. All of the above are a contribution to strong time management skills. In conclusion, no personal or professional, goal as long as it is realistic, is too great to be accomplished. As long as one has the desire, patience, will and the necessary resources, no goal should be out of reach. All these goals are important for every human being; without them we cannot live fulfilling lives. My motto is:† Set a goal, work hard to achieve it and you will be on your way to success! † References Gall, T. L. , Evans, D. R. , Bellerose, S. (2000). Transition to first year university: Patterns of change in adjustment across life domains and time. Journal of social and clinical psychology, (19), 544-567. Retrieved  from  http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/848880415? accountid=35812 Hawkins, B. L. (1981). Communication skills in the organization. The academy of management review (pre-1986), (6), 2. Retrieved  from  http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/230017130? accountid=35812 Kay, J. (1999, January 20- January 26). Health promotion: Ensuring the health of the nurse. Nursing standard, (13), 5. Retrieved  from  http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/219826745? accountid=35812

Become a Real Critic in Your Critical Analysis Paper

Become a Real Critic in Your Critical Analysis Paper Become a Real Critic in Your Critical Analysis Paper A critical analysis paper is designed to examine a piece of work or article that has been written by someone else and the goal is to determine how effectively they present their point or argument. It is one of the most difficult pieces because many students don’t understand how to handle this type of assignment. However, by following this advice, you will be able to write your paper like a real critic. Read the Piece a Few Times Read the text you need to write a critical analysis on a few times. While you are reading, be sure to try and answer several questions. You can make some notes on the answers to make sure that you can effectively analyze the piece. What is the artist arguing for or against? Analyze the writer’s thesis statement. Decide the context of the argument. Why is the author arguing for the point? Decide if they have provided a solution to the problem they are discussing. Is the solution plausible? Jot down the Supporting Evidence for the Main Points Has the author utilized the information to support their main point or points? Determine the Author’s Appeal to the Reader How does the author appeal to the reader to persuade them to believe in their point? Do they appeal to emotion (pathos)? How about to their logic or reason (logos)? Or their credibility (ethos)? Draw the Line Do any questions arise when you are reading the piece or have all of the questions been effectively answered? Tips that will help you along the way: Always start by introducing your piece giving the pertinent information like the title and author. You will give a brief summary of what the piece is about as well. You should state the author’s argument early in the piece. Possibly even in the first paragraph. Be sure to discuss all of your main points in the introduction and utilize the other paragraphs to describe the evidence relating to each topic and evaluate them individually. Use citations to support your evaluation. Make sure to properly cite the sources using quotes or paraphrased material. Please keep in mind that a critical analysis varies from a summary. It is a critique of the content. The main purpose is to evaluate the piece of work. You will need to decide if the piece is valid, significant, important, useful, or truthful. When you are writing this type of paper, it will be important to remember that you are analyzing how the content is used, rather than just the content itself. Most writers look at the piece and just think about whether or not the story-line works. The focus needs to be on how the content is written. It should concentrate on how the author uses the information to get their point across. This is an entirely different concept than what most people think of when they are writing this type of paper. Think of the â€Å"why† rather than the â€Å"what† and you will be able to ace at this assignment. It is a good idea to find a sample critical analysis essay paper to help you understand how the paper is handled. Read through a few examples and get some ideas on how to get it done. It can be used as a guide that will help you write your paper effectively. You should have all of the help that you need to get the job done. Good luck.

Vincent Van Gogh Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vincent Van Gogh - Research Paper Example In 1866, his father transferred him to a boarding school at Zevenbergen. The transfer proved to be disastrous to his life due to the fact the he was an introvert. This made it difficult for him to associate and make friends in the new school. In addition, people from the new school harassed him due to his peculiar characteristics. In September 1886, he joined Willem II College in Tilburg province. This school meant a lot to his life and career as an artist since he got the chance of meeting Constantijin a famous artist from France. At this school, Constantijin worked as a teacher and he was able to note the peculiar characteristics in Gogh within a short period. Although Gogh had a good relationship with his teachers from the new school, he decided to drop out of school in 1868 due to lack of interest with school duties and procedures. In 1869 his uncle Cent, connected him to an art dealer who owned Goupil & Cie, which was a leading art company in Hague. This marked the beginning of his career as a professional artist. After joining Goupil & Cie Company, his supervisor immediately noticed his outstanding skills and placed him in a training program in order to refine his artistic skills. Gogh completed his training secession in 1873 and he was immediately transferred to London where he worked for Messers Goupil & co. This transfer became a source of motivation for his career since he was earning more money than his fellow artists were (Callow 46). Life in London however turned against him as his was rejected by his first lover Eugenie Loyer. The dark moments of his lie returned to him and he returned to his solitary life. His father and uncle noticed this behavior and they arranged... Gogh is mainly remembered for his paintings that portrayed a high degree of beauty, bold colors and emotions. In addition, most of his audience described his paintings as honest due to the life expressions that they possessed. Gogh is also considered as one of the most influential artists of the nineteenth century due to the work that he did within his 37 years of life. His life was intensive since he started drawing at an early age. By the time he had attained 37 years of age, he had produced approximately 2,000, which consisted of about 800 oil paintings. His life involved many turnarounds and each of them inspired him to produce a work of art. Gogh mainly concentrated in oil painting with most of his work done on canvas. His painting on the Potato Eaters 1885 was the first piece of work that put him in the public domain. This painting was inspired by the life of many peasant farmers who lived in Netherlands. The painting, however made the local Catholic Church priest to condemn him. The Skull with a Burning Cigarette 1886 is also among his most celebrated works of art. He did this painting on canvas and it was first displayed in Hague. The main motivation behind this painting was the changing lifestyle among the Europeans. Gogh noticed his superiority in art during his early school days and he lived his life to fulfill his passion in drawing. Gogh encountered many events during his life, which he transferred into paintings. His paintings demonstrated the life of ordinary people that surrounded him.

NATIONAL RESPONSE FRAMEWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NATIONAL RESPONSE FRAMEWORK - Essay Example The organizational structure of the agencies which function during disasters is one main issue; those with much disciplined personnel and structure are likely to function properly than those which are not as disciplined. Exchange of information between agencies is another issue. It is essential that information is relayed in a proper manner, since overloading a particular agency with information is likely to cripple the agency in functional terms. Additionally, inter and intra-agency flow of information should be tightly controlled, as false information may misdirect the relief efforts and in some cases may become a cause of panic during working for relief during disasters. Coordination between agencies is not only important in post-disaster scenarios, but also in situations where a disaster is expected to hit a community. In scenarios where a disaster e.g. a hurricane is expected to strike a city, coordination between different agencies is extremely important. In situations like this, it is extremely important that the agency which determines the magnitude of an expected disaster provides the correct information to allow the other agencies react accordingly. Misinformation in this context is likely to result in over or under-preparation by the other involved agencies, which may ultimate result in loss of lives or a wastage of resources. Perry, M. (2007). Natural disaster management planning: a study of logistics managers responding to the tsunami.  International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,  37(5),

The secret society - illuminati Essay Example for Free

The secret society illuminati Essay This article is about the secret society. For the film, see Illuminata (film). For the Muslim esoteric school, see Illuminationism. For other uses, see Illuminati (disambiguation). Adam Weishaupt (1748–1830), founder of the Bavarian Illuminati. The Illuminati (plural of Latin illuminatus, enlightened) is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically the name refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on May 1, 1776 to oppose superstition, prejudice, religious influence over public life, abuses of state power, and to support womens education and gender equality. The Illuminati were outlawed along with other secret societies by the Bavarian government leadership with the encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church, and permanently disbanded in 1785.[1] In the several years following, the group was vilified by conservative and religious critics who claimed they had regrouped and were responsible for the French Revolution. In subsequent use, Illuminati refers to various organizations claiming or purported to have unsubstantiated links to the original Bavarian Illuminati or similar secret societies, and often alleged to conspire to control world affairs by masterminding events and planting agents in government and corporations to establish a New World Order and gain further political power and influence. Central to some of the most widely known and elaborate conspiracy theories, the Illuminati have been depicted as lurking in the shadows and pulling the strings and levers of power in dozens of novels, movies, television shows, comics, video games, and music videos. The movement was founded on May 1, 1776, in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria) as the Order of the Illuminati, with an initial membership of five,[2] by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt (d. 1830),[3] who was the first lay professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt.[1] It was made up of freethinkers as an offshoot of the Enlightenment and seems to have been modeled on the Freemasons.[4] The Illuminatis members took a vow of secrecy and pledged obedience to their superiors. Members were divided into three main classes, each with several degrees, and many Illuminati chapters drew membership from existing Masonic lodges. The goals of the organization included trying to eliminate superstition, prejudice, and the Roman Catholic Churchs domination over government, philosophy, and science; trying to reduce oppressive state abuses of power, and trying to support the education and treatment of women as intellectual equals.[1] Originally Weishaupt had planned the order to be named the Perfectibilists.[2] The group has also been called the Bavarian Illuminati and its ideology has been called Illuminism. Many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, including Ferdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Xavier von Zwack, the second-in-command of the order.[5] The order had branches in most European countries: it reportedly had around 2,000 members over the span of ten years.[1] It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder and the reigning dukes of Gotha and Weimar. In 1777, Karl Theodor became ruler of Bavaria. He was a proponent of Enlightened Despotism and his government banned all secret societies including the Illuminati. Internal rupture and panic over succession preceded its downfall.[1] A March 2, 1785 government edict seems to have been deathblow to the Illuminati in Bavaria. Weishaupt had fled and documents and internal correspondences, seized in 1786 and 1787, were subsequently published by the government in 1787.[6] Von Zwacks home was searched to disclose much of the groups literature.[5] Barruel and Robison Between 1797 and 1798 Augustin Barruels Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism and John Robisons Proofs of a Conspiracy both publicized the theory that the Illuminati had survived and represented an ongoing international conspiracy, including the claim that it was behind the French Revolution. Both books proved to be very popular, spurring reprints and paraphrases by others[7] (a prime example is Proofs of the Real Existence, and Dangerous Tendency, Of Illuminism by Reverend Seth Payson, published in 1802).[8] Some response was critical, such as Jean-Joseph Mouniers On the Influence Attributed to Philosophers, Free-Masons, and to the Illuminati on the Revolution of France.[citation needed] Robison and Barruels works made their way to the United States. Across New England, Reverend Jedidiah Morse and others sermonized against the Illuminati, their sermons were printed, and the matter followed in newspapers. The concern died down in the first decade of the 1800s, though had some revival during the Anti-Masonic movement of the 1820s and 30s.[2] Modern Illuminati Several recent and present-day fraternal organizations claim to be descended from the original Bavarian Illuminati and openly use the name Illuminati. Some such groups use a variation on The Illuminati Order in the name of their organization,[9][10] while others such as the Ordo Templi Orientis use Illuminati as a level within their organizations hierarchy. However, there is no evidence that these present-day groups have amassed significant political power or influence, and they promote unsubstantiated links to the Bavarian Illuminati as a means of attracting membership instead of trying to remain secret.[1]

The Emerging Culinary Trend - Gluten-free Essay -- Nutrition

Wheat is one of the number ones sources of fiber in the American diet. According to gluten.net (GIG) gluten is a storage protein that is found in all grains. The immune system response to this protein is called Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy or Celiac Disease. People with this sensitivity must adhere to a gluten-free diet and must avoid wheat, rye and barley products. This paper will examine gluten-free products and address the opinion that this emerging trend tastes as good as any other food with gluten in them. Gluten is a protein that is found in wheat, oats, rye and barley. What most people don’t know is that wheat is also used in products from tomato soup to lip gloss to even shampoo. Most medications, art supplies and also in the body of Christ at Holy Communion. (Alicea, 2008). Unless items are certified to be gluten-free those with Celiac Disease cannot consume them. (Alicea, 2008) Celiac Disease is an autoimmune response to gluten. (Alicea, 2008) In an article written in Long-Term Living: For the Continuing Care Professional. The article states, â€Å" A person {with Celiac Disease} immune system’s sees the gluten protein as a toxin and produces antibodies that damage the small intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients, which can lead to weight loss and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Celiac disease is one of the most under-diagnosed diseases among the American population; many doctors confuse the symptoms with that of irritable bowel syndrome. (Alicea, 2008) Celiac Disease affects everyone differently; infants, toddlers, adults and senior citizen are all at risk for developing Celiac Disease. In infants the symptoms have far worst effects and even fatal results than those in older suffers if left untreated. Babies with Cel... ...essed carbohydrate from your daily intake. This doesn’t hold true for all gluten-free products as they have the same carbohydrate level as their counterparts; so just because it says gluten-free doesn’t mean that they are healthy in excess. Everything is healthy in moderation. References Alicea, Ronni. "Gluten-Free Diets: Are You Prepared?." Long-Term Living: For The Continuing Care Professional 57.12 (2008): 22-24. Academic Search Complete Web. 9 Nov. 2011. Coffey, Lynette. Wheatless Cooking: including Gluten-free and Sugar-free Recipes. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed, 1985. Print. "Frequently Asked Questions." Gluten Intolerance | Gluten Intolerance Group. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . Walsh, William E. "Gluten Intolerance." Food Allergies: the Complete Guide to Understanding and Relieving Your Food Allergies. New York: Wiley, 2000. 216-24. Print.

Explanatroy Synthesis – Black Hawk War

Talha Baig Dr. Amy Larsen English 1302 – UHD March 14, 2013 Explanatory Synthesis: â€Å"The Black Hawk War of 1832† Black Hawk was an Indian war chief who had a following of couple hundred Sauks Indians. Black Hawk and his followers fought against the Americans before the war of 1832 and were strictly against the expansion of Americans into their territory (Tena 2-3). The Indian war chief was born in Saukenuk and had been living there with his fellow Indians until the Americans came and forced them out of their land.Since Saukenuk was Black Hawk's hometown, he was determined to hold onto it and was ready to oppose Americans because he saw the Americans as a threat to his culture and land (John 3). His anger and disgrace towards the Americans eventually led to the Black Hawk war along with couple of other factors. The unjust treaty of 1804 was one of the main factors of the War and it made Black Hawk even more concerned about the Americans and the treaty also caused som e intertribal rivalries between different Indian tribes but even after that Black Hawk was hoping to avoid a war.It is known that the American soldiers who confronted Black Hawk allegedly fired the first shot, which started the Black Hawk war. The United States Government put forth many treaties to obtain the Land from the Indians but the unjust Treaty of 1804 is known as the main factor that led to the War of 1832. The way the signing of the this Treaty took place was very unlawful because most of the Indians who signed it were not really main authority holders of the Indian tribes and the signing of the treaty proceeded even though there were many Indians who were not ready to sell their lands over to the Americans (John 1).Some of the Indians did not even fully understood the conditions of the treaty and the worst part of this treaty was that it gave the land of the Saukenuk village over to the Americans, which made Black Hawk furious and bitter (Tena 3). Since even Black Hawk, w ho was a major Indian chief did not have the complete knowledge about the extent of the Treaty, it proves that the Treaty of 1804 was unlawful and unjust. After the Treaty of 1804, Black and other Sauks became extremely bitter and enraged towards the Americans. The Treaty also ended up causing some intertribal rivalries between the indian tribes.Black Hawk and his followers were not willing to accept the terms of the treaty of 1804 and wanted to resist the American ways but on the other hand some Indian tribes feared that they would stand no chance against the Americans and did what they were told by the Americans, which became the cause of tension between the Indians (John 2-3). One of the leaders who held a different point of view from Black Hawk was Keokuk, who was also the leader of Sauks indians and he had no intentions of resisting against the Americans ( Jane 4 ).The different point of views of the Indian tribes and the intertribal rivalries that the Treaty of 1804 stirred up caused Black hawk and his followers to go on a different path, which was to try and move back to the land where they all originally started from. That land was Illinois and the Americans had begin settling there. Black Hawk and his followers tried several times to retake their hometown but could not succeed and were attacked by the Americans, which led to the conflict known as the Black Hawk war.The Indian chief with his couple hundred followers decided to resist against the Americans and tried going back to where they started from, with the purpose of settling there (Jane 4). However, Black Hawk was still hoping to avoid getting into a war with the americans but in the end it was inevitable. The Americans always thought of the native Indians as savages, who killed a lot of Americans in the past. So when Black Hawk and his people were crossing the Mississippi River, they were attacked by the American soldiers and the Indians ultimately lost (Arnold 1).It is known that the Americans allegedly attacked and fired on the Indians first, which resulted in the Black Hawk war of 1832 and the capture of the Indian Chief; Black Hawk by the Americans. The road to the Black Hawk war of 1832 was paved by the unlawful treaty of 1804, which not just enraged Black Hawk but also caused a lot of intertribal rivalries between the Indians and further more the unjust actions of American soldiers brought upon the downfall of Black Hawk (Tena).One can easily blame the treaty of 1804 for ultimately dividing the indians and for their bitterness towards the United States government, since Black Hawk was just trying to protect the land and the culture of his people (John 3-4). Word Cited Tena L. Helton. â€Å"What the White â€Å"Squaws† Want from Black Hawk: Gendering the FanCelebrity Relationship. † The American Indian Quarterly 34. 4 (2010): 498-520. Project MUSE. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Arnold Krupat. Patterson's Life; Black Hawk's Story; Native American Elegy. † Ame rican Literary History 22. 3 (2010): 527-552. Project MUSE. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. John K. Flanagan. â€Å"The Treaty of St. Louis and Black Hawk's Bitterness. † 21 N. Ill. U. L. Rev. 405. (2001 ): 2553 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Jane Simonsen. â€Å"Descendants of Black Hawk: Generations of Identity in Sauk Portraits. † American Quarterly 63. 2 (2011): 301-335. Project MUSE. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

Com 156 Research Plan

Associate Level Material Appendix D Research Plan As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general area of interest is social security, a possible research question might ask â€Å"How can low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed social security plan that includes personal retirement accounts? As you develop a research question, keep in mind that you will need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question for which you genuinely want to know the answer. Try to pick a research question that is neither too broad, which covers too much, or too narrow, which covers too little. It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. What is your general topic or area of interest? What is it about your general topic of interest that interests you? What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to investigate? List them. Would any of the questions you listed about the topic make a good subject for a research paper? Pick or adapt one question and make it into a research question. Why do you think this research question will be appropriate for a research paper? How is your research question significant or relevant to a wider community? What background information provides the preliminary grounds for your research? What are some expert or authoritative sources of information on this research question? What type of materials will you need to review for your research paper? What procedures will you follow to conduct your research? What difficulties do you anticipate in conducting your research?

Biography of Mary, Queen of Scots

Biography of Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (December 8, 1542–February 8, 1587), was the ruler of Scotland as well as a potential claimant to the throne of England. Her tragic life included two disastrous marriages, imprisonment, and eventual execution by her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England. Fast Facts: Mary, Queen of Scots Known For: Queen of Scotland and cousin to Queen Elizabeth I who eventually had Mary executedAlso Known As: Mary Stuart or Mary StewartBorn: December 8, 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, ScotlandParents: King James V and his French second wife, Mary of GuiseDied: February 8, 1587 in Fotheringhay Castle, EnglandEducation: Extensive private education including instruction in Latin, Greek, poetry and prose, horsemanship, needlework falconry, Spanish, Greek, and FrenchSpouse(s): Francis II, Dauphin of France, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney and 4th Earl of BothwellChildren: James VI of England (also James I of Scotland)Notable Quote: Marys last words are recorded as: â€Å"In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum† (â€Å"Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit†) Early Life The mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, was Mary of Guise (Mary of Lorraine) and her father was James V of Scotland, each in their second marriage. Mary was born on December 8, 1542, and her father James died on December 14, so the infant Mary became queen of Scotland when she was just a week old. James Hamilton, Duke of Arran, was made regent for Mary, Queen of Scots, and he arranged a betrothal with Prince Edward, the son of Henry VIII of England. But Marys mother, Mary of Guise, was in favor of an alliance with France instead of England, and she worked to overturn this betrothal and instead arranged for Mary to be promised in marriage to Frances dauphin, Francis. The young Mary, Queen of Scots, only 5 years old, was sent to France in 1548 to be raised as the future queen of France. She married Francis in 1558, and in July 1559, when his father Henry II died, Francis II became king and Mary became queen consort of France. Marys Claim to the English Throne Mary, Queen of Scots, also known as Mary Stuart (she took the French spelling rather than the Scottish Stewart), was the granddaughter of Margaret Tudor; Margaret was the older sister of Henry VIII of England. In the view of many Catholics, the divorce of Henry VIII from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and his marriage to Anne Boleyn were invalid, and the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth, was therefore illegitimate. Mary, Queen of Scots, in their eyes, was the rightful heir of Mary I of England, Henry VIIIs daughter by his first wife. When Mary I died in 1558, Mary, Queen of Scots, and her husband Francis asserted their right to the English crown, but the English recognized Elizabeth as the heir. Elizabeth, a Protestant, supported the Protestant Reformation in Scotland as well as in England. Mary Stuarts time as queen of France was very short. When Francis died, his mother Catherine de Medici assumed the role of regent for his brother, Charles IX. Marys mothers family, the Guise relatives, had lost their power and influence, and so Mary Stuart returned to Scotland, where she could rule in her own right as queen. Mary in Scotland In 1560, Marys mother died, in the middle of a civil war she stirred up by attempting to suppress the Protestants, including John Knox. After the death of Mary of Guise, the Catholic and Protestant nobles of Scotland signed a treaty recognizing Elizabeths right to rule in England. But Mary Stuart, returning to Scotland, managed to avoid signing or endorsing either the treaty or recognition of her cousin Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots, was herself a Catholic and insisted on her freedom to practice her religion. But she did not interfere with Protestantisms role in Scottish life. John Knox, a powerful Presbyterian during Marys rule, nevertheless denounced her power and influence. Marriage to Darnley Mary, Queen of Scots, held on to hopes of claiming the English throne which she considered hers by right. She turned down Elizabeths suggestion that she marry Lord Robert Dudley, Elizabeths favorite, and be recognized as Elizabeths heir. Instead, in 1565 she married her first cousin, Lord Darnley, in a Roman Catholic ceremony. Darnley, another grandson of Margaret Tudor and heir of another family with a claim to the Scottish throne, was in the Catholic perspective the next in line to Elizabeths throne after Mary Stuart herself. Many believed that Marys match with Darnley was impetuous and unwise. Lord James Stuart, the Earl of Moray, who was Marys half-brother (his mother was King James mistress), opposed Marys marriage to Darnley. Mary personally led troops in the chase-about raid, chasing Moray and his supporters to England, outlawing them and seizing their estates. Mary vs. Darnley While Mary, Queen of Scots, was at first charmed by Darnley, their relationship soon became strained. Already pregnant by Darnley, Mary, Queen of Scots, began to place trust and friendship in her Italian secretary, David Rizzio, who in turn treated Darnley and the other Scottish nobles with contempt. On March 9, 1566, Darnley and the nobles murdered Rizzio, planning that Darnley would put Mary Stuart in prison and rule in her place. But Mary outwitted the plotters: she convinced Darnley of her commitment to him, and together they escaped. James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, who had supported her mother in her battles with the Scottish nobles, provided 2,000 soldiers, and Mary took Edinburgh from the rebels. Darnley tried to deny his role in the rebellion, but the others produced a paper that he had signed promising to restore Moray and his fellow exiles to their lands when the murder was complete. Three months after Rizzios murder, James, the son of Darnley and Mary Stuart, was born. Mary pardoned the exiles and allowed them to return to Scotland. Darnley, motivated by Marys split from him and by his expectations that the exiled nobles would hold his denial against him, threatened to create a scandal and leave Scotland. Mary, Queen of Scots, was apparently by this time in love with Bothwell. The Death of Darnley- and Another Marriage Mary Stuart explored ways to escape from her marriage. Bothwell and the nobles assured her that they would find a way for her to do so. Months later, on February 10, 1567, Darnley was staying at a house in Edinburgh, possibly recovering from smallpox. He awakened to an explosion and fire. The bodies of Darnley and his page were found in the garden of the house, strangled. The public blamed Bothwell for the death of Darnley. Bothwell faced charges at a private trial where no witnesses were called. He told others that Mary had agreed to marry him, and he got the other nobles to sign a paper asking her to do so. Immediate marriage, however, would violate any number of etiquette and legal rules. Bothwell was already married, and Mary would be expected to formally mourn her late husband Darnley for a few months at least. Before the official period of mourning was complete, Bothwell kidnapped Mary; many suspected that the event occurred with her cooperation. His wife divorced him for infidelity. Mary Stuart announced that, despite her kidnapping, she trusted Bothwells loyalty and would agree with the nobles who urged her to marry him. Under threat of being hanged, a minister published the banns, and Bothwell and Mary were married on Mary 15, 1567. Mary, Queen of Scots, subsequently attempted to give Bothwell more authority, but this was met with outrage. Letters (whose authenticity is questioned by some historians) were found tying Mary and Bothwell to Darnleys murder. Fleeing to England Mary abdicated the throne of Scotland, making her year-old son James VI, King of Scotland. Moray was appointed regent. Mary Stuart later repudiated the abdication and attempted to regain her power by force, but in May 1568, her forces were defeated. She was forced to flee to England, where she asked her cousin Elizabeth for vindication. Elizabeth deftly dealt with the charges against Mary and Moray: she found Mary not guilty of murder and Moray not guilty of treason. She recognized Morays regency, and she did not allow Mary Stuart to leave England. For nearly 20 years, Mary, Queen of Scots, remained in England, plotting to free herself, to assassinate Elizabeth, and to gain the crown with the help of an invading Spanish army. Three separate conspiracies were launched, discovered, and squelched. Death In 1586, Mary, Queen of Scots, was brought to trial on charges of treason in Fotheringay castle. She was found guilty and, three months later, Elizabeth signed the death warrant. Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed by beheading on February 8, 1587. Legacy The story of Mary, Queen of Scots, is still well known more than 400 years after her death. But while her life story is fascinating, her most significant legacy resulted from the birth of her son, James VI. James made it possible for the Stuart line to continue, and for Scotland, Ireland, and England to unite through the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Famous Quotes The best-known quotations from Mary, Queen of Scots, relate to her trial and execution. To those who stood in judgment of her relative to accusations of plotting against Elizabeth: Look to your consciences and remember that the theatre of the whole world is wider than the kingdom of England.To those executing her: I forgive you with all my heart, for now, I hope, you shall make an end of all my troubles.Last words, prior to beheading: In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum (Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit). Sources Castelow, Ellen. Biography of Mary, Queen of Scots. Historic UK.Guy, John. Queen of Scots: The True Life of Mary Stuart. Houghton Mifflin: New York. April 2004.â€Å"Queens Regnant: Mary, Queen of Scots - In My End Is My Beginning.† History of Royal Women, 19 Mar. 2017

7 Steps to Finding Success If You Drop Out of College

7 Steps to Finding Success If You Drop Out of College Think you can’t be successful if you drop out of college? Think again. Some of the biggest companies in the world were started by entrepreneurs who never finished school. While there are skills and experiences and accomplishments that any aspiring successful person will acquire in college, if you happen not to have finished (or you find yourself having dropped out and spiraling in a fit of panic), remember that it isn’t necessarily the end of the world. Here are a few things you can do if you dropped out to get yourself back on a good track to success.1. Breathe.First take a deep breath and realize it’s your life. You are in control. If this is what you need and you can still accomplish what you want to in life without this degree? Then great. Start making concrete plans and working towards that goal.2. Keep learning.Education doesn’t necessarily end with school. Neither should yours. Continue learning as voraciously as possible- following what interests y ou most and what you’d need to know to expand your career outside of school. Don’t fall into ignorance or stagnation just because you needed to stop attending college.3. Keep taking risks.Dropping out to pursue other options is a big risk. If it pays off for you, continue thinking of other ways you can take calculated risks in pursuit of your destiny. Keep pushing for your dreams. You’ve already shown you have the guts. Persist!4. Find your real-life community.Just because you aren’t in college anymore doesn’t mean you don’t need professors and â€Å"classmates.† Find yourself mentors. Present yourself to people in your desired field  and show your willingness to learn. You’ll probably get a good recommendation out of it at some stage in your career. Similarly, find your crew of like-minded, similarly-oriented people who you can build your empire (or at least a business) with. Learn from each other and promote each other†™s work.5. Don’t ditch responsibilities.Whatever your new class equivalent is- show up for it. Don’t blow things off just because you aren’t technically required to show up anymore. Push yourself and give yourself grades! This is equally important for work. Get a job and show up at it- on time and consistently.6. Don’t be defensive.You can’t have it both ways. If you didn’t finish school, you can’t very well complain that other people did and it makes you feel bad. Remember you chose your priorities and your life. It was your choice. Be honest about why and don’t take any negativity  from anyone if they react unfairly.7. Be humble.Be willing to work from the bottom up. Get in on the entry level of whatever field you most want to work in. Be willing to start low on the totem pole. With a little humility and dedication, you probably won’t be down there long.

Reward management and performance related pay Essay

Reward management and performance related pay - Essay Example In today's fast-paced modern world, the job market seems to be getting more and more diverse, wide and inclusive of a great number of potential factors, that could affect the way one sees his job. Human Resources Management is one such area that is gaining importance by the day. Human Resources Managers work towards the fundamental problem of creating a balance between the expectations of both, employers and employees.The job market is getting highly competitive and retaining good talent is becoming an arduous task, owing to the better attractive offers being offered to talented workforces. As they say, grass on the other side of the fence is greener and therefore, employees find themselves being pulled across by alluring competitors. Under such circumstances, the compensation or pay packet goes a long way in determining the loyalties of employees. For instance, if the talented employee in question is unsatisfied with the compensation he receives from his current job, he would obviou sly consider the competitor's job that offers him greater potential and pay.Most employees prefer jobs that offer challenges and on successful dealing and completion of these challenges, would prefer better pay packets. At the end of the day, pay is a huge motivator or factor in diminishing quality of output. Therefore, jobs that offer growth potential, in terms of the hierarchical setup and the pay raise, experience great amount of success in maintaining stability in terms of employee retention and in cementing employer-employee relationships. "..the pay package is one of the most obvious & visible exchanges of the employment relationship; it is the main issue in the exchange between employer & employee, expressing the connection between the labour market, the individual's work & the performance of the employing organisation itself" (Hegewisch, 1991: 28). Therefore, the solution to this problem faced by employers in the process of reducing employee attrition rates and retaining talent, is performance-related payments and issuing rewards for quality output of work! Objectives of Employer and Employee In an organisation, both the employers, as well as, the employees possess varied objectives and expectations from each other, the job and the outcome. The objectives of the employer varies significantly from that of the employee, in formulating and pursuing the mutual contract. Here are the objectives of the employer, when he formulates and enters into a payment contract with his employee: Detainment: Employers look towards retaining the talent they spot in employees, without allowing competitors to take over the same. Therefore, they endeavour to satisfy their talented employees by formulating and putting forth a good payment contract. No one would want to lose a good employee due to under-payment levels. Thus, one of their many objectives is to retain talent and reducing the attrition rates. Steer clear: Employers attempt to steer clear of competitors and emerge victorious in alluring and maintaining some of the most skilful talent, which directly affects the positive quality of work output. Thus, they look to maintain an upper hand amongst competitors, by entering into a decent payment contract with their employees. Intelligent dealings: Employers try to attract the best possible talent within their limitations in providing payment. When they enter into the payment contract, they attempt to make the most in terms of attracting the best